What is Modern? ◦ From 1450 on ◦ Generally the Renaissance ◦ “great” migrations are those which involve several million people ◦ Some migrations (Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq) are occurring right now 232,000,000 Migrants in the world.
Religious freedom (New England Colonies) Puritan migration ◦ HUGE effects on American culture Economic opportunity (Middle colonies/Virginia= tobacco, cotton, farms, etc.)
“Age of Exploration” Columbus seeking route to India for trade (economic opp.) Ran into the Americas instead “God, Gold and Glory” Treaty of Tordesillas ◦ Portugal got everything East of line, Spain got everything West Portugal occupied parts of Brazil (official language Portuguese) Spain everywhere else Economic migration
To South Africa, Australia & New Zealand Beginning of the British Empire South Africa dominated by white minority Australia colonized and natives removed and relocated Economic migration What about India? ◦ Established trading posts in West Africa ◦ From there moved to India ◦ But not in huge numbers
Trans-Atlantic Slave trade of 15 th - 19 th centuries ◦ European/American powers stealing people out of Africa and selling them into bondage in the Americas. Caribbean ◦ Jamaica (90% African descent) & Haiti (95%) S. America ◦ Coastal Brazil ◦ 50% Afro-Brazilian American South ◦ Smallest amount from West Africa came here ◦ USA culture significantly affected by African migrants ◦ FORCED MIGRATION
Slavery ends, British used Indians to harvest crops in British colonies “Indian Diaspora” ◦ Diaspora: From Greek for “to disperse” forced or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place Kenya S. Africa SE Asia ◦ Indonesia still has a small Hindu minority Fiji ◦ 2 nd largest Ethnic group Guyana ◦ 28.4% Hindu Suriname ◦ Hindustani predominate ethnic group ◦ Million Indians abroad ◦ Economic Migration
“Chinese Diaspora” Economic opportunity Political Refugees SE Asia ◦ Malaysia Persecuted Still 2 nd highest ethnic group ◦ Singapore 76.8% of the population ◦ “Bamboo Network” A network of close-knit Chinese entrepreneurs with large corporate empires in southeast Asia N. America ◦ Seattle, San Francisco, & Vancouver
Manifest Destiny ◦ The 19 th century belief that Americans would eventually expand west to the Pacific Ocean What about Native Americans? ◦ Many died and the rest were pushed west and resettled onto reservations.
Mirror image of N. America Trans-siberian railroad (5770 Miles long) Russians settled Siberia like we settled W. North America What about native Siberians? ◦ Handled like Native Americans Poorer than other Russians Set up on reservations On the worst land