1. MIGRATION

3. Polynesian Oceangoing vessel

4. Thor Heyerdahl in the Kontiki

5. The Hokulea

7. Viking Exploration

8. Viking Settlement

9. What is migration?
The movement (often with the intent of settlement) away from ancestral homelands to other areas.

10. Causes of Migration “Push” factors vs. “Pull” factors
Push factors can include:
Forcible removal by outside power
Economic expansion
Population pressures
Rigid social or economic classes
War (civil or other)
Purposeful colonization by government

11. “Push Factors” Examples: Forcible removal Jewish diasporas
From Judea to Babylon
From Spain and Portugal to Eastern Europe
ALSO: West Africans to Americas as slaves
Includes “ethnic cleansing”

12. “Push factors” Economic expansion:
Fujian trade Diaspora in South China Sea

13. “Push Factors” Population pressure Polynesian settlement (?)
Europeans to Americas

14. “Push Factors” Rigid social or economic systems Muslims to Bangladesh
Europeans to Americas

15. “Push” factors
Warfare
SE Asians to North America

16. “Push” factors Purposeful colonization by government
Australia – Penal Colony

17. “Pull” Factors Economic opportunity Religious freedom Safety/Asylum
Political independence

18. “Pull” Factors Economic Opportunity Includes natural resources
Westward expansion by US
North Africans to Western Europe

19. “Pull” Factors Religious Freedom Puritan settlers of New England
Russian Jews and Christians to America

20. “Pull” Factors
Safety/Asylum
Many different peoples to USA

21. “Pull” Factors Political Independence Polynesians to outer islands (?)
Europeans to America
Muslims to Pakistan

22. What made European Explorers different?
Motives:
Economic: Spain and Portugal’s “discovery” of Gold Trade in Saharan network, AND
Muslim cultivation of key luxury foods in Mediterranean, e.g. Sugar on Crete
Had to get around Muslims to access global trade