1. GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS WHERE DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?

2. GLOBAL MIGRATION FLOWS Prior to the 1500s, global-scale migration was haphazard A complete map of the world’s continents did not exist until the early 1800s European explorers played a major role in mapping the world European colonization began during this time

3. COLONIZATION A physical process where the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge First Europeans colonized the Americas, the coasts of Africa, and parts of Asia Eventually Europeans colonized the interiors of Africa and Asia

4. MAJOR ROUTES OF MIGRATION BEFORE 1950

5. EIGHT WAVES OF MIGRATION 1.Movement from Europe to North America 2.Southern Europe to South and Central America 3.Britain and Ireland to Africa and Australia 4.Africa to the Americas 5.India to eastern Africa, SE Asia, and Carribean 6.China to SE Asia 7.Eastern US to Central and Western US 8.Eastern Europe to Central and East Asia

6. REGIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS

7. Each of the eight major migration flows involved crossing an ocean or continent Migration also occurs at a regional scale, with migrants going to a neighboring country Reasons for regional migration: Short-term economic opportunities Reconnect with cultural group Flee political conflict or war

8. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES European colonialism helped establish islands of development Coastal cities whose establishment is based on access to trade Most foreign investment, jobs, and major infrastructure is located here Ex: Chinese in SE Asia

9. RECONNECTION OF CULTURAL GROUPS Regional migration flows also center on reconnecting cultural groups across borders Example: Jewish immigration to Israel

10. CONFLICT AND WAR Regional migration flows may occur as people flee their countries due to political turmoil or war Example: East Germans fleeing to West Germany prior to the Berlin Wall Example: Cuban refugees fleeing to the US to escape a communist government (considered refugees)

11. NATIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS

12. NATIONAL MIGRATION Migration within a country; also called internal migration Two waves of migration in the United States: The first wave of migration moved the population west ward during the age of Manifest Destiny The second wave moved the population from the industrialized north to the south for economic opportunities Is this still true today?

13. REFUGEES

14. THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF REFUGEES Most refugees move without any more tangible property than they can carry with them Most refugees make their first step by foot, bicycle, wagon, or boat Most refugees move without official documents that accompany channeled migration.

15. WHERE DO THE REFUGEES GO? REGIONS OF DISLOCATION

16. In the early 21 st century, sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of refugees in the world The second largest concentration was in Northern Africa, and Southwest Asia South Asia ranks third

17. REFUGEE LOCATIONS

18. World Refugee Map