Arno Graff Susan Klose UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Some Aspects on Air Quality in Germany related to SOER 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009

2 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Last Year‘s Messages about Air Quality in Germany  Though Emissions have decreased during the last two decades significantly, exeedances of limit values for PM 10, NO 2 and target values for O 3 still occur. -Summer smog has become history in Germany … at least for the time being since rural background: ozone peak values have decreased significantly but … -urban background: ozone values are increasing from low level to a medium high level.  Air quality trends seem to be hidden behind inter- annual variations during the period 2000 – 2006

3 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment State of Ambient Air Quality in Germany 2008  Exceedances of air quality standards for human health: –PM 10 daily mean: 18 out of 417 stations, 17 traffic + 1 near industry –NO 2 annual mean: 89 of 426 stations, all traffic –O3–O3 –max. 8-h mean: 93 of 274 stations, 85 background + 8 near industry  Overall observation: –one of the best years with respect to exceedances of air quality standards –air quality is worst in agglomerations with respect to PM 10 and NO 2, most hot spots are found at monitoring sites near traffic –Ozone is highest in rural areas and is increasing from low levels to higher low levels

4 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Geographical Characteristics of Air Pollution

5 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Geographical Characteristics of Air Pollution

6 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment State of Ambient Air Quality in Germany 2008  Exceedances of air quality standards: –PM 10 daily mean: 18 out of 417 stations, 17 traffic + 1 near industry –NO 2 annual mean: 89 of 426 stations, all traffic –O3–O3 –max. 8-h mean: 93 of 274 stations, 85 background + 8 near industry  Overall observation: –one of the best years with respect to exceedances of air quality standards –air quality is worst in agglomerations with respect to PM 10 and NO 2 – most hot spots found at monitoring sites near traffic Ozone is highest in rural areas and is increasing from low levels to higher low levels agglomerations –seemingly, no clear improvement in the air quality situation since the beginning of this decade

7 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Emission vs. Air Quality normalized to 1995

8 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment PM 10 annual mean,

9 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment NO 2 annual mean,

10 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Mann Kendall significance test NO 2 PM 10 O3O3

11 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Mann-Kendall Test for Significance in Trends  Developed originally for quantifying trends of meteorological time series  Suitable for time series –that are expected to have a monotonic trend –without seasonal or cyclic fluctuations  OUTPUT: –levels of significance (error probability) –mean slope (median of all inter annual changes)

12 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Mann-Kendall Test for NO 2 84% with falling trend, thereof 36% with significant trend, 15% rising but uncertain trend no unique trend 82%with falling trend, thereof 60% with significant mostly decreasing concentration rural background: all stations have falling or stagnating trend Evaluation of individual stations urban traffic urban background 52 stations51 stations

13 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Mann-Kendall Test for PM 10 Evaluation of individual stations %: significant falling trend significant decrease of concentrations 44%: significant falling trend significant decrease of concentrations rural background: no clear trend urban, traffic urban background 41 stations48 stations

14 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Mann-Kendall Test for O 3 Evaluation of individual stations %: significant trend, 70% thereof rising significant increase of concentrations 58%: rising trend, most of them significant significant increase of concentrations rural background: no clear trend urban traffic urban background 23 stations 57 stations

15 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Mann-Kendall Test urban traffic urban backgroundrural background NO 2 PM 10 O3O3

16 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment EOR

17 14th EIONET Meeting, Warsaw, October 2009 UBA-II 4.2 – Air Quality Assessment Mann-Kendall Test urban traffic urban backgroundrural background NO 2 PM 10 O3O3