U.S. FOREIGN POLICY THROUGH THE GREAT WAR Unit 4

IMPERIALISM The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.

IMPERIALISM  Europe had been establishing colonies all over the globe for centuries, building up the British Empire.  Imperialism surfaced in parts of Asia during the late-19 th Century

AMERICAN IMPERIALISM  Three factors fueled American Imperialism: 1.Economic competition among industrial nations 2.Political and military competition, including the creation of a strong navy 3.A belief in the racial and cultural superiority of people of Anglo-Saxon (English) descent. God, Glory, & Gold

ANTI-IMPERIALISM  Some Americans saw imperialism as a threat to their heritage.  Many Americans believed that nothing justified dominating other countries.

HAWAII  Hawaii had been economically important to the U.S. since the 1790s Christian schools & churches had been established Christian schools & churches had been established Sugar merchants eventually changed Hawaii’s economy Sugar merchants eventually changed Hawaii’s economy  By 1900, foreigners and immigrant laborers (working on American-owned sugar plantations) outnumbered native Hawaiians

HAWAII  1893: American business owners overthrew Hawaii’s Queen Liliuokalani, and the provisional government immediately applied to become a part of the United States.

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR  America’s Interest in Cuba: American capitalists invested millions in large sugarcane plantations American capitalists invested millions in large sugarcane plantations

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR  Yellow Journalism Reporting that exaggerates the news to lure readers Reporting that exaggerates the news to lure readers  American newspapers used this technique to sell more papers than their competitors  The popularity of the stories caused American sympathy for Cuban rebels

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR  April 20, 1898: US declares war on Spain “A splendid little war” “A splendid little war” 16 weeks of fighting 16 weeks of fighting  August 12, 1898: armistice  December 10, 1898: The U.S. & Spain agree: 1.Cuba would become independent 2.Spain would give Puerto Rico & Guam to the U.S. 3.The U.S. would pay Spain $20 million for the annexation of the Philippine Islands

UNITED STATES IMPERIALISM

AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” Theodore Roosevelt:

AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER  TR won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in ending the Russo-Japanese War  1907: “The Great White Fleet” (16 new, white US battleships) tours the world, showing off U.S. naval power  Panama Canal U.S. helped Panama gain their independence from Colombia and built a 10 mile wide canal through the country. U.S. helped Panama gain their independence from Colombia and built a 10 mile wide canal through the country.

AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER  Roosevelt’s achievements in foreign policy allowed the U.S. to exercise international police power in the Western Hemisphere.  Wilson encouraged democratic governments in the Western Hemisphere.  The U.S. is considered a World Power Why is that a big deal? Why is that a big deal?

WORLD WAR I BEGINS (Leave space to define each term)  MAIN causes of WWI: Militarism Militarism Alliances Alliances Assassination Assassination Imperialism Imperialism Nationalism Nationalism

WORLD WAR I BEGINS  August 4, 1914: Fighting starts in Europe Why did the U.S. stay out of it? Why did the U.S. stay out of it? Remember: we’re a world power

ALLIANCES Over the course of the war:  Allied Powers 19 countries 19 countries  Central Powers 4 countries 4 countries

MILITARISM  German U-boats (submarines) sank merchant ships as well as passenger vessels that they believed might be carrying supplies to the Allies.  Lusitania A British passenger ship A British passenger ship Attacked and sunk by a German U-boat in 1915 Attacked and sunk by a German U-boat in 1915 More than 100 Americans died as a result of this attack More than 100 Americans died as a result of this attack

MILITARISM  1916: a German U-boat torpedoed the Sussex (a French passenger ship) 2 Americans were killed 2 Americans were killed The German government promised that U-boats would warn ships before attacking after the United States threatened to cut off diplomatic ties The German government promised that U-boats would warn ships before attacking after the United States threatened to cut off diplomatic ties  By 1917, German announced an end to the Sussex Pledge and the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare Less than a month later, the United States declared war Less than a month later, the United States declared war

ZIMMERMANN NOTE  Telegram sent by the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico promising to help Mexico regain the land they lost to the U.S. if Mexico allied with Germany.  Read the provided document and answer the questions on the guided reading page for more information on this topic.

U.S. DECLARES WAR  April 1917: The House of Representatives and Senate pass the war resolution The House of Representatives and Senate pass the war resolution  May 1917: Selective Service Act provides more soldiers to fight Selective Service Act provides more soldiers to fight

WORLD WAR I ON THE HOME FRONT  Write a reasonable prediction of what you think life was like on the Home Front during WWI using ALL of the following terms: War bonds War bonds Victory gardens Victory gardens “meatless Mondays” “meatless Mondays” Daylight savings time Daylight savings time

WORLD WAR I ON THE HOME FRONT  Use the text to identify each of these terms that are essential to understanding the Home Front during WWI: War Industries Board War Industries Board Selective Service Selective Service Committee on Public Information Committee on Public Information United States Food Administration United States Food Administration Home Front Home Front

WORLD WAR I ON THE HOME FRONT  Using the text as your document, answer the following questions on your own: How did the United States finance World War I? How did the United States finance World War I? How did the United States manage the economy during World War I? How did the United States manage the economy during World War I? How did the United States government direct public support for the war effort? How did the United States government direct public support for the war effort?

War bonds War bonds Victory gardens Victory gardens “meatless Mondays” “meatless Mondays” Daylight savings time Daylight savings time War Industries Board War Industries Board WORLD WAR I ON THE HOME FRONT Selective Service Selective Service Committee on Public Information Committee on Public Information United States Food Administration United States Food Administration Home Front Home Front Write an accurate summary of what life was like on the Home Front during WWI using ALL of the following terms:

POST-WWI CONCEPTS  Using the text as your document, briefly describe each of the following terms: The Big Four The Big Four Wilson’s Fourteen Points Wilson’s Fourteen Points Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles League of Nations League of Nations Reparations Reparations Washington Naval Conference Treaties Washington Naval Conference Treaties U.S. Return to Isolationism U.S. Return to Isolationism

UNIT FOUR  Notebook Check and Group Presentation due Monday, November 4.  Unit 4 Test: Friday, November 8