Genetic Technology DNA Technology Genetic Engineering ALL THE SAME

Genetic Engineering: DNA Technology process of making _____________________ in the _____________________of living organisms uses DNA technology to cure diseases, treat genetic disorders, improve food crops, etc.

How do we make changes to DNA of an organism??? USING….________________________ ______________________: bacterial enzymes act like scissors that cut DNA molecules at specific sites create ______________________ that can easily bind to complementary DNA and form new sequences of nucleotides

Plasmids are: ring of DNA found in a _______________________ in addition to its main chromosome these plasmids can be cut with restriction enzymes, allowing other genes (donor genes) to be ______________________ into the plasmid once gene has been spliced into plasmid, the plasmid is returned to the bacteria

insulin production

Plasmids are: the bacteria then divides, giving copies of the new gene _____________________________- combination of DNA from two or more sources Ex.: inserting human gene for ___________________ into bacteria in order to produce large amounts of insulin for people whose bodies do not produce enough

MORE DNA Technology Techniques: 1. ___________________________ _: pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an organism's DNA Uses: -determining relationships between individuals -determining how closely species are ______________________ -helping solve crimes

DNA Fingerprinting How it works: use RFLP analysis to _________________ DNA and cut it using restriction enzymes gel electrophoresis: DNA placed into wells made on a __________; fragments or segments of DNA are then separated based on _______________ and charge

Gel-Electrophoresis-Animation-

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) used to quickly make many __________________ of selected _______________________ of DNA, only requires tiny amounts of DNA

Conceiving a Clone: Media Center

Human Genome Project (began in 1990) Purposes: to determine the _______________________ sequence of the entire human genome (approx. 3 billion nucleotide pairs) to map the location of every ______________ on each chromosome improve diagnoses, treatments, and cures for genetic diseases

Human Genome Proj. J. Craig Venter: Designing Life - 60 Minutes - CBS News J. Craig Venter: Designing Life - 60 Minutes - CBS News

Cloning: A group of genetically ______________________ cells May be produced asexually… (___________________) Growing Body Parts

Gene Therapy treating a ___________________ ___________________________ by introducing a gene into a cell or by correcting a gene defect in a cell's genome involves _____________________ decisions - Ex. insurance companies

To Rw. Practical Uses of DNA Technology: produce pharmaceutical products inexpensively Ex. _____________________

Practical Uses of DNA Technology: produce effective _______________________ interesting research--scientists are creating a banana vaccine to vaccinate children against viral diseases like Hepatitis B

Practical Uses of DNA Technology: Increase agricultural yields by: protecting plants by transferring genes that are harmful to __________________ into the plants producing plants that are resistant to weed-controlling chemicals (________________________) developing plants that do not require fertilizers to grow

NOVA | scienceNOW | Personal DNA Testing | PBS NOVA | scienceNOW | Personal DNA Testing | PBS NOVA Online | Cracking the Code of Life | Watch the Program Here NOVA Online | Cracking the Code of Life | Watch the Program Here

Safety and Environmental Issues genetically engineered foods may contain _______________, making people allergic to the foods genetically engineered crops may take over the ________________ plant species

Example of Genetic Engineering: producing tomatoes that ripen without becoming soft and are supposed to taste better than commercially grown tomatoes