-3.5 billion years - dominant form of life on Earth - live in every hospitable environment - > 100 trillion on and in human body - total mass exceeds all animal life species known - roughly 1% of believed total # of species

Sketch figure 6 from page 48 On your sketch label: cell wall plasmid ribosomes flagella pilli capsule Make sure to write down a function for each one of these structures = BACTERIA

- There are 3 main shapes to bacteria CoccusBacillus Spirillum - video

-Many different and diverse evolutionary branches of the Domain Eubacteria -6 main groups of human importance -Vary dramatically in energy and nutrient gathering BacteriaKey features Using table 1 on page 48 of the text, complete the chart for each bacteria. Include only the 2 most important key features of each bacteria

Bacteria reproduce asexually and very quickly! -video-video times faster than a eukaryotic cell Binary fission- 3 step process Step 1: Duplication of the chromosome Step 2: Cell elongates Step 3: Cell divides into two Daughter cells are identical to mother cell

Mutations ease of evolution genetic diversity Conjugation –exchange of genetic information; sexual reproduction Transformation –taking in of foreign DNA by the bacteria for use horizontal gene transfer positive/negative Endospore

How an organism produces energy AutotrophicHeterotrophic -make own energy from inorganic compounds -need to ingest energy from organic compounds Animals and plants Bacteria Obligate aerobes –need oxygen to survive Obligate aerobes Facultative aerobes – live with or without oxygen fermentation So where does a bacterium get its energy to move and reproduce?

The Bubonic Plague “The Black Death” Spread through Europe 14 th C Yersinia pestis Killed 30 – 60% of the population - approx 100 million people Swollen lymph nodes, fever, vomit blood -death in days

Escherichia coli Found in the large intestine of warm-blooded animals Very important to scientific research –recomb DNA host Some different strains Good  production of vit K and destroy harmful bacteria Bad  cause food poisoning Ugly  bloody diarrhea, gastrointestinal infections, death Walkerton May 2000 Farm runoff into nearby well Walkerton Public Utilities Commission Stan and Frank Koebel

PATHOGEN: Infectious bacteria Cholera Leprosy Tuberculosis Salmonella ANTIBIOTIC: substance that can kill or weaken micro-organisms; produced by bacteria fighting for nutrients overuse leads to resistance MUTUALISM: relationship whereby each benefits Nitrogen fixation Vit K and B12 production

-Very little known about this group - make up is unlike bacteria or eukaryotes - Play key role in ecosystems  low-oxygen; intestines; produce methan gas  salt-loving  extreme heat; hot springs, ocean vents  cold-loving; Arctic and Antarctic