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Bacteria Characteristics.

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Presentation on theme: "Bacteria Characteristics."— Presentation transcript:

1 Bacteria Characteristics

2 Cell Structure Prokaryote: no nucleus
Chromosome & plasmids float freely in cytoplasm Ribosomes: create proteins Flagella: used in movement Pili: act as anchors Capsule: outer coating Endospore: “cocoon” to protect DNA in harsh times

3 Bacterial Shapes Many bacteria grow in colonies 3 Basic Shapes:
1) Bacilli = Rod 2) Coccus = Spherical 3) Spirillum = Spiral

4 Bacteria Reproduction
Binary Fission: asexual reproduction where one cell splits into two cells Both cells have identical sets of DNA Less genetic diversity Conjugation: process where DNA is exchanged Cells connect by pili DNA exchanged Creates genetic diversity

5 Nutrition Heterotrophs: feed on matter produced by others
Saprophytes: absorb nutrients from dead matter Parasites: absorb nutrients from living matter Essential to healthy ecosystems

6 Respiration Obligate Aerobic = must live in oxygen
The bacteria that causes TB lives in your lungs… which type is it? Obligate Aerobic = must live in oxygen Obligate Anaerobic = cannot live in oxygen Facultative aerobic = can live with or without oxygen

7 Salt, heat, & acid loving bacteria
2 Bacterial Kingdoms Salt, heat, & acid loving bacteria

8 Archaea Live in extreme environments 1) Methanogens: Anaerobic
Produce methane gas as a waste product Habitat: Swamps, sewage, digestive tract

9 Archaea 2) Thermophiles Heat and acid loving bacteria
Habitat: Deep sea vents, volcanoes, hot springs (230°F)

10 Archaea 3) Halophiles Thrive in areas of high salt concentration
Salt normally dehydrates organisms Use salt to make energy

11 Eubacteria (Modern Bacteria)
Common to most environments on Earth Identified by Gram Stain test Gram negative: stains pink harder to treat Gram positive: stains purple easier to treat Treatments differ depending upon results

12 Gram Stain Overview

13 Eubacteria (Modern bacteria)
UV UV UV UV Cyanobacteria: autotrophic bacteria Evolutionary Importance Early life lived in oceans (no ozone layer) Cyanobacteria released O2 into the atmosphere O2 recombined into ozone (O3) in the stratosphere Protective layer allowed life to evolve on land UV UV Ozone layer (O3) develops over millions of years Uninhabited land Cyanobacteria in Ocean water O2 O2 O2 O2

14 Helpful Bacteria Helpful in nature
Cyanobacteria: create O2 Decomposers: recycle C Nitrogen fixer bacteria Bacteria have been engineered for human uses: Food: cheese, bread, yogurt, sauerkraut Medicine: antibiotics Industry: insecticides, fuel, environmental cleanup

15 Brush, Floss, & Rinse Your Teeth! GINGIVITIS HEALTHY
MODERATE PERIODONTITIS ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS

16 Resistant Bacteria Only
Most bacteria killed Strong Survive Resistant Bacteria Only Strong Reproduce

17 Name this bacteria shape!
Cocci

18 Name this bacteria shape!
Bacillus

19 Name these cell parts! Pili

20 Name the process shown in this animation.
Binary Fission


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