1. Bacteria
Characteristics

2. Cell Structure Prokaryote: no nucleus or organelles
Chromosome & plasmids float freely in cytoplasm
Ribosomes: create proteins
Flagella: used in movement
Pili: act as anchors
Capsule: outer coating
Endospore: “cocoon” to protect DNA in harsh times

3. Bacterial Shapes Many bacteria grow in colonies 3 Basic Shapes:
1) Bacilli = Rod
2) Coccus = Spherical
3) Spirillum = Spiral

4. Bacteria Reproduction
Binary Fission: asexual reproduction where one cell splits into two cells
Both cells have identical sets of DNA
Less genetic diversity
Conjugation: process where DNA is exchanged
Cells connect by pili
DNA exchanged
Creates genetic diversity

5. Nutrition Heterotrophs: feed on matter produced by others
Saprophytes: absorb nutrients from dead matter
Parasites: absorb nutrients from living matter
Essential to healthy ecosystems

6. Respiration Obligate Aerobic = must live in oxygen
The bacteria that causes TB lives in your lungs… which type is it?
Obligate Aerobic = must live in oxygen
Obligate Anaerobic = cannot live in oxygen
Facultative aerobic = can live with or without oxygen

7. Salt, heat, & acid loving bacteria
2 Bacterial Kingdoms
Salt, heat, & acid loving bacteria

8. Archaea Live in extreme environments 1) Methanogens: Anaerobic
Produce methane gas as a waste product
Habitat: Swamps, sewage, digestive tract

9. Archaea 2) Thermophiles Heat and acid loving bacteria
Habitat: Deep sea vents, volcanoes, hot springs (230°F)

10. Archaea 3) Halophiles Thrive in areas of high salt concentration
Salt normally dehydrates organisms
Use salt to make energy

11. Eubacteria (Modern Bacteria)
Common to most environments on Earth
Identified by Gram Stain test
Gram negative:
stains pink
harder to treat
Gram positive:
stains purple
easier to treat
Treatments differ depending upon results

12. Gram Stain Overview

13. Eubacteria (Modern bacteria)UV UV UV UV
Cyanobacteria: autotrophic bacteria
Evolutionary Importance
Early life lived in oceans (no ozone layer)
Cyanobacteria released O2 into the atmosphere
O2 recombined into ozone (O3) in the stratosphere
Protective layer allowed life to evolve on land UV UV
Ozone layer (O3) develops over millions of years
Uninhabited land
Cyanobacteria in Ocean water O2 O2 O2 O2

14. Helpful Bacteria Helpful in nature
Cyanobacteria: create O2
Decomposers: recycle C
Nitrogen fixer bacteria
Bacteria have been engineered for human uses:
Food: cheese, bread, yogurt, cabbage, sauerkraut
Medicine: antibiotics
Industry: insecticides, fuel, environmental cleanup

15. Brush, Floss, & Rinse Your Teeth! GINGIVITIS HEALTHY
MODERATE PERIODONTITIS
ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS

16. Resistant Bacteria Only
Most bacteria killed
Strong Survive
Resistant Bacteria Only
Strong Reproduce

17. Name this bacteria shape!
Cocci

18. Name this bacteria shape!
Bacillus

19. Name these cell parts!
Pili

20. Name the process shown in this animation.
Binary Fission