1. Bacteria Domains Bacteria & Archaea

2. Kingdoms of Bacteria- 1. Eubacteria or Monera 2. Archeabacteria

3. Characteristics of all Bacteria 1. Prokaryotes- no nucleus or organelles 2. Unicellular 3. Smaller than eukaryotic cells 4. Larger than viruses 5. DNA is a circular chromosome 6. Cell wall

4. Bacteria are the most abundant inhabitants of earth Eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes

5. Bacteria Structure

6. Shapes 1. Bacilli (bacillus)- rod shaped

7. 2. Cocci (coccus)- spherical

8. 3. Spirilli (spirillum)- spiral

9. Bacteria & Oxygen 1. Obligate Aerobe- requires oxygen ex- tuberculosis 2. Facultative Anaerobe- can live with or without oxygen ex- E. coli 3. Obligate Anaerobe- killed or harmed by oxygen ex- tetanus

10. Reproduction- asexual Binary fission- 1 cell pinches off into two. Conjugation- exchange of DNA between bacteria

11. Getting energy Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs or chemotrophs: Autotrophs- producer Heterotrophs-consumer Chemotrophs- producers that use hydrogen as source of energy not the sun. ex- found in deep ocean vents

12. Characteristics of Archeabacteria More closely related to eukaryotic cells than the Eubacteria Sometimes call extremophiles because they can be found in extreme conditions. No pathogenic species identified (yet)

13. Some types of Archea 1. Methanogens- give off methane; live in the gut of cattle, sewage sludge 2. Halophiles- live in extremely salty environments 3. Thermoacidophiles- live in very hot and acidic environments

14. Eubacteria “True” bacteria

15. Many diseases are caused by Eubacteria- –Clostridium botulinum- cause of botulism –Clostridium tetani –cause of tetanus –E. coli- food poisoning –Salmonella- food poisoning –Streptococcus- cause of strep throat, bacterial pneumonia, ear infections

16. Good uses of bacteria Food- yogurt, sourkraut, cheese Aids in your digestion, makes vitamins Help plants obtain nitrogen Genetic engineering Help break down oil spills (controversial) Was our first source of atmospheric oxygen

17. Bad uses of bacteria Weapons of mass destruction –Anthrax