I. The Election of The Federalists and Republicans fought a bitter presidential election campaign in  2. Federalist supported President Adams for a second term  3. Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson This was a bitterly fought campaign with name-calling and mudslinging on both sides

3. To avoid another showdown between candidates, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution in C. Election Deadlock I. The Election of Both Jefferson and Aaron Burr received 73 Electoral College votes.  2. The House of Representatives had to decide the election.  -Finally, at Hamilton’s request, one Federalist voted against Burr, and Jefferson became president and Burr vice president. 

D. Jefferson’s Inauguration 1. On March 4, 1801 Jefferson was sworn in as president.  I. The Election of 1800 (cont.) 2. Jefferson believed in policy called laissez-faire  a. This means – let people do as they choose  b. The government would play a small part in the economics of the country

II. Jefferson’s Policies 1. Thomas Jefferson believed the strength of the United States was its independent farmers.  2. For this reason Jefferson favored expanding the nation westward.  3. He also believed the federal government should be kept small.

1. He surrounded himself with men who shared his Republican principles.  2. The new government allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire and repealed the Naturalization Act. B. Jefferson’s Policies James Madison – Secretary of State Samuel Dexter – Secretary of Treasury Henry Dearborn – Secretary of War

III. Jefferson and the Courts A. Judiciary Act of In the last days as president John Adams appointed hundreds of new judges under the Judiciary Act of 1801 which created regional courts.  2. By shutting Jefferson out of the appointments this ensured that the Federalists would control the courts  3. John Adams and John Marshall worked around the clock to appoint the “Midnight Judges”.

C. Marbury v. Madison. 1. One commission was addressed to William Marbury.  2. To force the delivery of his commission, Marbury took his case directly to the Supreme Court.  Jefferson and the Courts (cont.) 3. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote an opinion that turned down Marbury’s case.  4. This was the first time that the Supreme Court has used judicial review – to review and rule on acts of the other branches of government

Review: Recreate the diagram below to describe the effects of the appointments of the “Midnight Judges” Adams Appoints Midnight Judges Established Judicial Review William Marbury did not receive his commission Marbury takes case to Supreme Court Case is turned down (Marbury looses)