Logical Fallacies "A logical fallacy is a false statement that weakens an argument by distorting an issue, drawing false conclusions, misusing evidence,

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Presentation transcript:

Logical Fallacies "A logical fallacy is a false statement that weakens an argument by distorting an issue, drawing false conclusions, misusing evidence, or misusing language." (Dave Kemper et al., Fusion: Integrated Reading and Writing. Cengage, 2015)

In the notes section Logical Fallacies at the top Write each term and skip three lines. Loaded Terms Denotations Connotations Aphorism Epigraph False Assumption Caricature Leading Question

Logical Fallacies Word Choice Mayhem Power Loaded terms: words with strong emotional associations. They seem to exaggerate the qualities of a thing or idea. Word Choice Denotations- the specific meanings of words. Connotations- the positive or negative ideas associated with the word Mayhem Power

Logical Fallacies Phrase Choice Aphorism- a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner. A good time to keep your mouth shut is when you're in deep water. Life isn't tied with a bow but it's still a gift. Dream as if you'll live forever. Live as if you'll die tomorrow. Epigraphs- A brief motto or quotation set at the beginning of a text to suggest the theme.

Logical Fallacies False Assumptions and Incorrect Premises-Writers use flawed starting points for arguments, and their conclusions are invalid. False Assumption: Eating at night makes you fat. Reality: Calories count whenever you eat them. False Assumption: Information written online is true. Reality: Not everything written online is factual, information should be verified by a variety of reputable sources. To find out if a statement is a false assumption or incorrect premise, ask “Is this true in EVERY case?” If the answer is no, then the argument is invalid.

Logical Fallacies Caricatures: Writers use extreme descriptions of people or positions to appeal to the reader’s emotions.

Logical Fallacies Leading Questions Writers use questions worded in ways that suggest the desired answers. They can refer to authorities or experts in the questions. “You were at Cinemark last night, weren't you?” It suggests that the witness was at Cinemark on the night in question. “Where were you last night?” This form of question does not suggest to the witness the answer the examiner hopes to elicit. Bugs

Practice with your shoulder partner On a notecard number 1-5 Write a sentence that includes at least 2 loaded words. Think about the connotations of the words. Write one aphorism relevant to your life. (a saying that applies to you) Write one false assumption and the reality relevant to your life. If you were to draw a caricature, who/what would it be of and why? Write one leading question and one non-leading question?