Releasing Energy From Sugar (glucose) Converting Energy in Food to the Only Form of Energy that a Living Cell Can Use Directly The Only Form of “Living Energy” That Can Be Used Directly is ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Respiration Can Occur With Oxygen (aerobic) or Without Oxygen (Fermentation )

Chemical Reaction in Living Things  Energy Conversion  Reactants (substances needed)  Products (new substances created) Energy of Respiration  Energy of food to the energy of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)  Chemical Energy to “Living” Energy (used immediately)  Releasing Energy from Food to Remain Living & Carry Out Necessary Life Functions Reactants of Respiration  Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )  Oxygen (O 2 ) Products of Respiration  Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )  Water (H 2 O)

Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) ++ Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Water (H 2 0) 36 ATP enzymes Aerobic Respiration (Respiration with Oxygen)

Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Step 1: Glycolysis (in cytoplasm) Pyruvic acid Step 2 & 3: Kreb’s Cycle & Electron Transport Chain (in mitochondrion) 2 ATP 34 ATP + Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Water (H 2 0)

Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Step 1: Glycolysis (in cytoplasm) Pyruvic acid 2 ATP Step 2: Fermentation (in cytoplasm) + Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Ethyl Alcohol (C 2 H 5 OH) Lactic Acid (C 3 H 6 O 3 ) Animal cells Plant & Fungi cells

Occurs in the Cytoplasm (fermentation) & Mitochondria (aerobic respiration) Enzymes are Needed Occurs in ALL LIVING THINGS Autotrophs & Heterotrophs Bacteria (Prokaryotes), Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals