Unit 1. Matter and Change

Do Now:  What are the State of Matter?

Objectives:  Define the term “chemistry”  Describe the difference branches of Chemistry.  Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change and give several examples of each.  Describe different characteristics of the three states matter.  Classify a mixture as homogeneous or heterogeneous.  Classify a pure substance as an element or a compound.

Chapter 1 Section 1 Chemistry is a Physical Science

 Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes. Biological Science Physical Sciences Chemistry Chemistry is central to all sciences. Both living and non living matter have a chemical structure.

Chemistry deals with: 1.What is material made of? 2.What is the makeup and internal arrangement of the atoms? 3.How does it behave when heated, cooled or mixed with other materials?

Branches of Chemistry Organic chemistry – the study of carbon containing compounds. Inorganic chemistry – the study of substances that do not contain carbon (metals and gases). Physical chemistry – the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy.

Analytical chemistry –the identification of the components and composition of materials. Biochemistry – the study of the processes occurring in living systems.

Types of Research  Basic Research - carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge.  Most basic research is carried out in universities.  Research is normally published in scientific journals.

Types of Research  Applied Research - carried out to solve a problem.  Research is carried out by companies to make a profit.  Usually short term goals set by the company.

Summary 1)Define the word chemistry. 2) Name the five branches of chemistry. 3) Define basic and applied research.

STATE OF MATTER

States of Matter  There are Four state of matter  A. Solid  B. Liquid  C. Gas  D. Plasma  State of matter depends on Kinetic Energy between the particles

A. Kinetic Molecular Theory  KMT  Particles of matter are always in motion.  The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

Four States of Matter  A. Solids  very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around  fixed shape  fixed volume

Four States of Matter  B. Liquids  low KE - particles can move around but are still close together  variable shape  fixed volume

Four States of Matter  C. Gases  high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container  variable shape  variable volume

Matter and its Properties  It’s Classified!

Objective  Distinguish between:  intensive and extensive properties  Physical & chemical changes/properties  Classify matter

Properties & Changes in Matter  Extensive vs. Intensive  Physical vs. Chemical

A. Extensive vs. Intensive  Extensive Property  depends on the amount of matter present  ex,.-  Intensive Property  depends on the identity of substance, not the amount  Ex.-

A. Extensive vs. Intensive  Extensive Property  depends on the amount of matter present  ex,.- Volume, mass, Energy  Intensive Property  depends on the identity of substance, not the amount  Ex.- melting point, boiling point, conduct electricity or heat  WHAT ABOUT DENSITY??

A. Extensive vs. Intensive  Examples:  boiling point  volume  mass  density  conductivity

A. Extensive vs. Intensive  Examples:  boiling point…… intensive  Volume …. extensive  Mass ….. extensive  Density ….. intensive  Conductivity ….. intensive

PROPERTY B. Physical vs. Chemical  Physical Property  can be observed without changing the identity of the substance  Chemical Property  describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

B. Physical vs. Chemical  Examples:  melting point  flammable  density  magnetic  tarnishes in air physical chemical physical chemical

B. Physical vs. Chemical  Examples:  melting point  flammable  density  magnetic  tarnishes in air physical chemical physical chemical

CHANGE C. Physical vs. Chemical  Physical Change  changes the form of a substance without changing its identity  properties remain the same  Chemical Change  changes the identity of a substance  products have different properties

B. Physical vs. Chemical  Signs of a Chemical Change  change in color or odor  formation of a gas  formation of a precipitate (solid)  change in light or heat

In the example of burning of charcoal, carbon and oxygen are the reactants in the combustion reaction. Carbon dioxide is the product. carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide C + O2 CO2 (reactants) (product) Properties and Changes in Matter

B. Physical vs. Chemical  Examples:  rusting iron  dissolving in water  burning a log  melting ice  grinding spices

C. Mixtures  Examples:  mayonnaise  muddy water  fog  saltwater  Italian salad dressing