1. I. States of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter
Ch. 1 - Matter
I. States of Matter
Kinetic Molecular Theory
States of Matter

2. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory
KMT
Particles of matter are always in motion.
The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

3. B. Five States of Matter Bose-Einstein Condensate
Atoms mount on top of each other

4. B. Four States of Matter Solids
very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape
fixed volume

5. B. Four States of Matter Liquids
low KE - particles can move around but are still close together
variable shape
fixed volume

6. B. Four States of Matter Gases
high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container
variable shape
variable volume

7. B. Four States of Matter Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variable shape & volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs

8. II. Classification of Matter Matter Flowchart Pure Substances Mixtures
Ch. 1 - Matter
II. Classification of Matter
Matter Flowchart
Pure Substances
Mixtures

9. Can it be physically separated?
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
Colloids
Suspensions

10. A. Matter Flowchart Examples: graphite element pepper hetero. mixture
sugar (sucrose)
paint
soda
element
hetero. mixture
compound
solution

11. B. Pure Substances Element composed of identical atoms
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

12. B. Pure Substances Compound
composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)
Ionic vs Molecular compounds

13. B. Pure Substances Law of Definite Composition
A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements.
Law of Multiple Proportions
Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

14. Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.
B. Pure Substances
For example…
Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

15. C. Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Can be separated by physical means.
Distillation, density, filtration, magnetism, boiling points
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous

16. C. Mixtures particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol Solution
Tyndall Effect
Solution
homogeneous
very small particles
no Tyndall effect
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol

17. C. Mixtures Colloid heterogeneous medium-sized particles
Tyndall effect
particles don’t settle
EX: milk

18. C. Mixtures Suspension heterogeneous large particles Tyndall effect
particles settle
EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

19. C. Mixtures Examples: mayonnaise colloid muddy water suspension fog
saltwater
Italian salad dressing
colloid
suspension
solution

20. Ch. 1 - Matter III. Properties & Changes in Matter
Extensive vs. Intensive
Physical vs. Chemical

21. A. Extensive vs. Intensive
Extensive Property
depends on the amount of matter present
Intensive Property
depends on the identity of substance, not the amount

22. A. Extensive vs. Intensive
Examples:
boiling point
volume
mass
density
conductivity
intensive
extensive

23. B. Physical vs. Chemical Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

24. B. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: physical chemical melting point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
physical
chemical

25. B. Physical vs. Chemical
Physical Change
changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
properties remain the same
Chemical Change
changes the identity of a substance
products have different properties

26. B. Physical vs. Chemical Signs of a Chemical Change
change in color or odor
formation of a gas
formation of a precipitate (solid)
change in light or heat

27. B. Physical vs. Chemical chemical physical rusting iron
Examples:
rusting iron
dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
chemical
physical

28. Intro to periodic table
Groups (Families)
Periods
Noble Gases
Metals vs. Nonmetals
Metalloids (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te)
Alkali Metals
Halogens