1. Physical & Chemical Properties of Matter

2. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory
KMT
Particles of matter are always in motion.
The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

3. B. Four States of Matter Solids
very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape
fixed volume

4. B. Four States of Matter Liquids
low KE - particles can move around but are still close together
variable shape
fixed volume

5. B. Four States of Matter Gases
high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container
variable shape
variable volume

6. B. Four States of Matter Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variable shape & volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs
(cathode ray tubes)

7. C. Classification of Matter
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
Colloids
Suspensions

8. C. Classification of Matter
Examples:
graphite
pepper
sugar (sucrose)
paint
soda
element
hetero. mixture
compound
solution

9. C. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances
Element
composed of identical atoms
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

10. C. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances
Compound
composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)

11. C. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances
Law of Definite Composition
A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements.
Law of Multiple Proportions
Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

12. C. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances
For example…
Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

13. C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures
Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

14. C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures
Solution
homogeneous
very small particles
no Tyndall effect
Tyndall Effect
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol

15. C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures
Colloid
heterogeneous
medium-sized particles
Tyndall effect
particles don’t settle
EX: milk

16. C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures
Suspension
heterogeneous
large particles
Tyndall effect
particles settle
EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

17. C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures
Examples:
mayonnaise
muddy water
fog
saltwater
Italian salad dressing
colloid
suspension
solution

18. D. Properties & Changes in Matter
Extensive Property
depends on the amount of matter present
Intensive Property
depends on the identity of substance, not the amount

19. D. Properties & Changes in Matter
Examples:
boiling point
volume
mass
density
conductivity
intensive
extensive

20. D. Properties & Changes in Matter
Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

21. D. Properties & Changes in Matter
Examples:
melting point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
physical
chemical

22. D. Properties & Changes in Matter
Physical Change
changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
properties remain the same
Chemical Change
changes the identity of a substance
products have different properties

23. D. Properties & Changes in Matter
Signs of a Chemical Change
change in color or odor
formation of a gas
formation of a precipitate (solid)
change in light or heat

24. D. Properties & Changes in Matter
Examples:
rusting iron
dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
chemical
physical