TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS UNFCCC /UNDP EXPERT MEETING ON METHODOLOGIES FOR TECHONOLGY NEEDS ASSESSMENTS SEOUL, KOREA April 2002 Presented by: George Manful Head, Capacity building / GEF unit, Implementation programme UNFCCC

Outline of Presentation The Problem of Climate Change Convention Requirements (Article 12.1) Opportunity and Challenges Contents and submission of national communications GHG abatement analysis Abatement projects and technology transfer Reporting Conclusions

The Problem of Climate Change Cause: Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases Impacts: –Rising temperatures –Sea level rise –Frequent occurrence of droughts, floods and other extreme climatic events –Threats to food supply –Threats to fresh water supply –Threats to human health Global response: UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol

Outline of Presentation

Convention Requirements (Article 12.1) All Parties are committed to communicate to the COP: –Inventory of GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks –A general description of steps taken or envisaged by the Party to implement the Convention, and –Any other information considered relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention

Opportunities and challenges Opportunities for enhanced capacity to: –Plan for sustainable development –Identify impacts and responses –Monitor domestic emissions –Identify technologies and know-how –Identify projects for funding –Collect, process and share information

The Relevance of Information Collective decision-making Cooperative research and development National planning Greater public awareness of the causes and impacts of climate change Confidence building on efforts to implement the Convention

Contents of Initial National Communications Executive Summary 1 - National Circumstances 2 - GHG Inventory 3 - General Description of Steps 4 - Other Information 5 - Financial and Technological Needs and Constraints Annexes

Submissions of Initial National Communications Status -80 submissions as of 18 April 2002; -Expected: 10 more in 2002 Rest within 2003 and 2004

National communications submitted as of 19 April 2002, by regions

Principal elements of the general description of steps Programmes related to sustainable development; Monitoring systems and response strategies for climate change impacts; Measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change; Capacity to integrate climate change concerns into medium and long-term national planning; and Measure to mitigate climate change by addressing GHG emissions and sink enhancement.

Evaluation of options to abate increase of GHG emissions and enhancement of sinks Define scope and outputs of assessment Choice of analytical tools (models) Choice of technologies and practices to adopt

13  Mitigation analysis tools employed:  LEAP  ENPEP  MARKAL  STAIR  ETO  RASTR  National Renewable Energy methodology for the economic evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable technologies  MAIN SECTORS COVERED  Energy  Transport  Industry  Agriculture  Forestry  Waste Management GHG abatement analysis

Other information included in accordance with Art of the UNFCCC GHG abatement projects for financing  Sector: Energy Demand  Subsectors  Residential, commercial and institutional buildings (52 end-use/description projects : building thermal integrity, cooking, energy management, heating, lighting and refrigeration)

Energy Demand (contd.)  Subsectors  Transport (45 end-use/description projects Alternate energy sources, Improved fleet management, Traffic reduction, and Vehicle energy intensity reduction )  Industry (48 end-use/description projects Introducing new technologies and processes, and Process improvements)  Switching to renewable sources of energy (62 projects )  Switching to low-cost fossil fuels (7 projects )  Efficient conversion of fossil fuels (19 projects )

 Sector: Agriculture  Subsectors  Reduce fossil energy use (4 projects)  Increase carbon storage in agriculture soils (5 projects)  Improve management of ruminant animals (4 projects)  Expand biofuel production as carbon offset (1 project)  Adopt manure management practices for methane collection (2 projects)

 Sector: Forest  Subsectors  Production forestry/agroforestry (5 projects)  Forest practices/goals (28 projects)  Conservation of forests (8 projects)

 Sector: Waste Management  Subsectors  Wastewater management (5 projects)  Solid waste disposal (5 projects)  Composting (2 projects)

Technology Transfer Issues  Technology transfer issues in National Communications - very superficial  Related mainly to mitigation projects  Issues mentioned, but not elaborated: costs of technologies barriers to technology transfer acculturation of technologies institutional and technical capacities, research and development availability of information

Establishment of the CGE : Decision 8/CP.5 The need for preparing national communications on a continuing process.The need for preparing national communications on a continuing process. The need for and availability of adequate and timely financial and technical support for preparation of communications.The need for and availability of adequate and timely financial and technical support for preparation of communications. Maintenance of national capacities built.Maintenance of national capacities built. Need for a forum to share national experience Issues of concern

Revised guidelines for the preparation of national communications DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGIES Pursuant to decision 4/CP7, its annex, and the implementation of Article 4.5 of the Convention, Parties, in the light of their social and economic conditions, are encouraged to provide information on : ( a)country-specific technology needs (b) transfer of, and access to, environmentally-sound technologies and know-how and the development and enhancement of endogenous capacities, technologies and know-how (c)assistance received from developed country Parties and the financial mechanism and a appropriate, its utilization, in support of the development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies, and in the implementation of programmes and measures identified in the technology needs assessment.

Conclusions  80 Developing country Parties have prepared and submitted their first national communications  Most reporting Parties have in accordance with Art proposed outline of projects in their national communications.  The implementation of most of these projects would require that all Parties work effectively the towards the implementation of Art. 4.5 and 4.7 of the Convention