Animal SCience

What is Animal Science? Study of the principles of animal nutrition, physiology, genetics, health, behavior, products and production systems. Why do we raise animals? - Enjoyment - Use / Work - To make money

Animal Industry??? All of the activities involved in raising animals and meeting the needs of the people for animals and animal uses Livestock Are animals produced on farms and ranches for food or other purposes. Ex. Beef, Pork, Chicken, Turkey, Eggs Clothing (Wool)

Relative contribution of the major meat species to world meat supplies.

Per capita meat supply in pounds, selected countries

World Wide Facts 16% of human calories come from animal products 34% of human protein comes from animal products Meat Facts 69% meat is protein, 30% Energry (ATP) 46% fat 95% Cholesterol The US has the highest per capita productivity per person 1 worker – feeds 115 people US population engaged in farming 1% In all other developing countries 8.2%

Figure 2: US Red Meat and Poultry Production (Carcass Equivalent, Million Pounds)

Figure 3: US Net Exports of Red Meat and Poultry (Carcass Eqivalent, Million Pounds)

How does the Animal Industry impact the United States Fiscally ? - Agriculture is 17.5% of the GNP in the United States. - The largest segment of the US economy - 50% Crops, 50% Animal Agriculture

Animal Terminology Animal domestication – taking animals from nature and raising them in a controlled environment. ( taming wild animals – to be raised by humans) Animal Selection – choosing animals to achieve desired goals. Nutrition – the study of the kind food an animal eats and how it is used by the animal Ration – the animals diet. What is consumed each day.

Animal Classification & Terminology Animals are classified and named by SPECIES, AGE, & SEXUAL CONDITION. Neutering- are animals that are altered sexually Why is this done? Castration- the removal of the testicles Spaying- removal of the ovaries or cutting the fallopian tubes Animal Classification & Terminology

Scientific Method Ask a Question – Describe a problem Do Background Research Construct a Hypothesis Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion Communicate Your Results Scientific Method

Classification of Livestock paper

Animal Physiology Internal functions and vital process of animals and their organs 8 Categories 1. Skeletal System - Bones which provides support for the body and protection of organs. 2. Muscular System – Provides movement in cooperation with skeletal system and to support life.

Animal Physiology There are two types of muscles A. Voluntary muscles- can be controlled by animals to do things such as walking B. Involuntary muscles – operate in the body without control by the will of the animal. 3. Circulatory System- Heart, veins arteries and lymph glands – these provide food, oxygen to cells of the body and filters waste materials from the body

Animal Physiology 4. Respiratory System- Provides oxygen to the blood of the animal Allows for breathing through Nostrils, nasal cavity pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs. 5. Nervous system- Central Nervous System – Spinal cord and brain – Coordinates movement and allows the sense of hearing, sight, smell, touch and taste Peripheral nervous System – controls body tissues including the organs transmits messages from brain to outer parts of the body

Animal Physiology 6. Urinary system – Remove waste materials from the blood Parts include- kidneys, bladder and urethra 7. Endocrine System (Hormone system) – These are ductless glands that release hormones into the body Hormones – are chemicals that the body makes to regulate growth, reproduction, milk production, and breathing rate

Animal Physiology 8. Digestive System – Provides food for the body and for all of its systems. This temporarily stores food for use b the body and removes the waste products from the body. There are 3 basic types of digestive systems A. Ruminant B. Monogastric C. Poultry Animals on the farm can be classified as either ruminant and non ruminant.