Warm Up Think of a time when you had a conflict. -How would having a friends support have changed things? Warm Up Think of a time when you had a conflict. -How would having a friends support have changed things?

Take Away What are the long term causes of WWI? What are the short term causes (spark) of WWI? How was the United States brought into war? Take Away What are the long term causes of WWI? What are the short term causes (spark) of WWI? How was the United States brought into war?

Chapter 7 World War I Section 1 Chapter 7 World War I Section 1

WWI MANIA

Militarism Strong build up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations - Great Britain & Germany wanted largest Navy - Russia, France, & Germany competed for the largest Army “arms race” Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

Alliances Defensive agreements to come to one another’s aid if attacked. Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire Great Britain Russia French

Nationalism  A feeling of pride in and loyalty to one’s nation. – Ethnic groups that did not have their own country wanted independence – “The Powder Keg”

Imperialism  Stronger countries controlling weaker ones. – Raw materials – New markets – Competition over those colonies – Colonies did not always want to be colonies.

Stop & think  Predict – what problems might arise from M.A.N.I.?

The “Spark”

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife Heirs to the Austrian-Hungarian thrown. Both are killed when Gavrilo Princip a Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand shoots them. h?v=ZmHxq28440c ch?v=BCTIaiiGB4o

Who’s To Blame?

On your map – sketch out what happened

2. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia 1. Assassination 3. Russia moves to protect Serbia and mobilizes forces for war 4. Austria-Hungary’s ally Germany declares war on Russia & France 5. Germany marches through neutral Belgium on the way to France 6. Belgium’s ally Great Britain declares war on Germany On your map – sketch out what happened

Why is this conflict called a world war? Why might it be difficult to avoid (stay neutral) this kind of war?

The United States Remains Neutral  U.S. would not favor one side or the other (sort of)  Determined to stay out of European affairs  Difficult to do – traditions and loyalty to ancestors

Steps to War

Blockades  Great Britain blocked merchant ships from entering German ports.  Germany then blockades Great Britain and use U-boats to attack any ships – including neutral ones.  US ships could not carry goods to Germany or other Central Powers.

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

Lusitania  German U-boats torpedoed the British passenger ship killing 128 Americans  Wilson warns Germany they will be held responsible.  Germany does not want US to enter War and promises to stop attacking non-military ships – Sussex pledge. 1,959 passengers 1,198 dead – 128 of them American 768 survived, 4 later died 71 Americans survived *approximate #’s – differs on source

Zimmerman Note  German foreign minister (Arthur Zimmerman) asked the German ambassador to Mexico to make them an offer  If the US joins the war in Europe – would Mexico declare war on the US.  In return, Mexico would get back land previously lost to the US.

Russian Revolution  A Russian rebellion overthrew Czar Nicholas from power and called for democratic reforms.  The US was more likely to support the Allies now – Wilson did not believe in czarist rule of Russia

Sussex Pledge Ignored  German decides to begin unrestricted submarine warfare – breaking the Sussex Pledge  Believe they can conquer Britain before the US can get involved - mobilize  American merchant ships are torpedoed  Wilson has had enough – asks Congress to declare war on Germany

Wrap Up Of the 5 events that brought the US into war, which do you think was the most important? Why?