1. Generally non-polar (generally insoluble in water) 2. Soluble in non-polar solvents (likes dissolve in likes ) 3. Non-electrolytes 4. Reactions generally.

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Presentation transcript:

1. Generally non-polar (generally insoluble in water) 2. Soluble in non-polar solvents (likes dissolve in likes ) 3. Non-electrolytes 4. Reactions generally occur slowly 5. Have low melting points due to weak intermolecular forces 6. Reactions have high activation energy, and therefore lower reactions

 Definition  Definition - compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon  Homologous series - group of organic compounds with similar properties and related structures (differ from each other by CH 2 )

 Hydrocarbons with the formula C n H 2n+2 (Table Q)  All alkanes end in “ANE”.  Example: methane, ethane, propane  All alkanes have all SINGLE bonds and are saturated hydrocarbons.

 Alkyl structures have one less hydrogen than the corresponding alkane. Side Chain Length In Carbons NameSide chain nameAlkyl Formula C n H (2n+2 -1) 1methmethylCH 3 2ethethylC2H5C2H5 3proppropylC3H7C3H7 4butbutylC4H9C4H9 5pentpentylC 5 H 11 6hexhexylC 6 H 13

 Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formula.  The more carbons in the structure, the more isomer variations that are possible. Butane2-methylpropane

 Hydrocarbons with the formula C n H 2n (Table Q)  All alkenes end in “ENE”.  Example: ethene, propene  All alkenes have at least one DOUBLE bond (C=C) and are considered unsaturated hydrocarbons.

 Hydrocarbons with the formula C n H 2n-2 (Table Q)  All alkenes end in “YNE”.  Example: ethyne, propyne  All alkynes have at least one TRIPLE bond (C Ξ C) and are also considered unsaturated hydrocarbons.

 Not all organic compounds are hydrocarbons!!  Different functional groups cause compounds to have different physical and chemical properties!!

Boiling Point/Melting Point  The greater the # of carbons in carbon chain, the higher the boiling point/melting point!  If compounds have the same # of carbons: Highest BP/MPLowest BP/MP *Alcohols EthersHydrocarbons *Acids Amines Aldehydes Ketones

 Reactions that involve organic compounds.  There are seven (7) reactions we will discuss:  Substitution (alkane)  Addition (alkene/alkyn)  Combustion (carbon comp. + O 2  H 2 O + CO 2 )  Fermentation  Esterfication (organic acid + alcohol)  Saponification (opp. of esterfication – soap)  Polymerization (many small  1 big)