Organic Chemistry

Carbon Review Electron Configuration of Carbon: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 Valence Electrons: 4 Shape around a Carbon with all Single Bonds: Lewis Structure: Tetrahedral (CH 4 and C 2 H 6 )

Carbon Review (continued) Shape around a carbon with Two Single Bonds and One Double Bond: Trigonal Planar (CH 2 CH 2 and 1-butene (C 4 H 8 ) Shape around a carbon with One Single and One Triple Bond: Linear (C 2 H 2 )

Organic Compounds All organic compounds contain carbon, but not all carbon-containing compounds are organic Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 = Organic Na 2 CO 3 and CO 2 = Inorganic (Carbonates and oxides)

Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons = Contain Carbon & Hydrogen Short cuts in Lewis Structures: Can skip writing the hydrogens. Examples: CH 4 = C 3 H 8 = C 4 H 10 =

Organic Chemistry Isomers = Same formula, but different structure -Structural Isomers = Same formula, different order of bonding (C 4 H 10 ) -Geometric Isomers (Often called cis/trans Isomers) = Same formula, same order of bonding, geometric arrangement is different (C 2 H 2 Cl 2 ) – must have a double or triple bond (VB2 and VB3)

Saturated Hydrocarbons Saturated = Single bonds only Alkanes = Saturated Hydrocarbon Naming of Alkanes = Number of carbonsFormulaName 1CH 4 Methane 2C2H6C2H6 Ethane 3C3H8C3H8 Propane 4C 4 H 10 Butane 5C 5 H 12 Pentane 6C 6 H 14 Hexane 7C 7 H 16 Heptane

Saturated Hydrocarbons Number of carbonsFormulaName 1CH 4 Methane 2C2H6C2H6 Ethane 3C3H8C3H8 Propane 4C 4 H 10 Butane 5C 5 H 12 Pentane 6C 6 H 14 Hexane 7C 7 H 16 Heptane General Formula = C n H 2n+2