Chapter 10 Alcohol Lesson 10.1 How Does Alcohol Impact Your Body? Lesson 10.2 The Effects of Alcohol on Health Lesson 10.3 Reasons People Use and Abuse Alcohol Lesson 10.4 Strategies for Preventing and Treating Alcohol Abuse

How Does Alcohol Impact Your Body? Lesson 10.1 How Does Alcohol Impact Your Body?

Warm-Up Alcohol Use How have you seen people use alcohol products? How do you think using alcohol products affects a person’s physical health? Give one example of a disease or disorder related to alcohol use. shutterstock.com/Don Pablo

What Is Alcohol? Alcohol is a general term used to describe a drink that contains a certain amount of ethanol Alcohol has a powerful effect on all parts of the body shutterstock.com/Stokkete

Effects of Alcohol on the Brain Alcohol is a depressant, a type of drug that slows down the central nervous system Alcohol can cause Slurred speech Sluggish body movements Inability to think clearly Blackouts (memory loss) shutterstock.com/Piotr Marcinski

Critical Thinking Alcohol and Intoxication Suppose a person has the choice to drink either 12 ounces of beer or 12 ounces of wine. Why might the person become less intoxicated drinking the beer than drinking the wine?

Blood Alcohol Concentration A person’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) describes the percentage of alcohol that is in a person’s blood People who have a BAC of 0.08 or above are considered legally impaired (intoxicated or drunk) shutterstock.com/Konstantin Yolshin

Factors Influencing BAC BAC is influenced by The amount of alcohol consumed The rate of consumption Body weight Gender Food consumed Ethnicity shutterstock.com/StockLite

Myth or Fact? Eating food while drinking has no effect on blood alcohol concentration. MYTH Fact: When a person consumes alcohol while eating food, the effects of alcohol are felt more slowly. Fact: The type of food that is consumed can also impact the length of digestion time and the speed of alcohol absorption.

The Physiology of a Hangover The effects of drinking alcohol may last after the alcohol has left the body The negative symptoms caused by excessive alcohol use are called a hangover Tiredness and dizziness Headaches and muscle aches Nausea and vomiting Thirst Depression or anxiety shutterstock.com/Paul Schlemmer

The Effects of Alcohol on Health Lesson 10.2 The Effects of Alcohol on Health

Alcohol Use, Accidents, and Violence Alcohol causes A decrease in reaction time Difficulty coordinating movements A decreased ability to plan and use good judgment These impairments lead to accidents and unsafe behavior shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

Motor Vehicle Accidents Driving after or while drinking alcohol leads to many accidents and deaths in the United States There are also legal consequences for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs shutterstock.com/zstock

Other Accidents Alcohol use is associated with Falls and burns Homicides Suicides Firearm injuries Electrical shocks Near drowning Violent actions shutterstock.com/Photographee.eu

Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning Binge drinking is the consumption of large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time Alcohol poisoning occurs when a high BAC suppresses the central nervous system Extreme cases can lead to permanent brain damage or death shutterstock.com/Sylvie Bouchard

Excessive alcohol use can have dangerous consequences Excessive alcohol use can have dangerous consequences. What are some signs of alcohol poisoning? Mental confusion, stupor, coma, or unconsciousness Vomiting Seizures Slow or irregular breathing Hypothermia, bluish skin color, and paleness

Health Consequences Excessive alcohol use over time can lead to several chronic diseases Liver damage Heart attacks High blood pressure Gastrointestinal problems Some types of cancer Neurological problems shutterstock.com/9nong

Alcohol and Pregnancy When a pregnant woman drinks, the alcohol passes to her baby Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a group of serious birth defects caused by a woman’s consumption of alcohol while pregnant shutterstock.com/Irina Solatges

Underage Drinking It is illegal in all states for people younger than 21 years of age to drink Underage drinkers account for 11% of all alcohol consumed in the United States Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth in the United States shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

What might be some immediate negative consequences for teenagers related to alcohol use? Hangovers, illnesses, and injuries School absences and inability to focus on work Legal problems such as a suspended driving license Unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases

Reasons People Use and Abuse Alcohol Lesson 10.3 Reasons People Use and Abuse Alcohol

Alcohol Use versus Abuse Moderate (social) drinking One drink per day or less on average for women Two drinks per day or less on average for men Does not cause problems that interfere with health or daily life shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

Problem Drinking Problem drinking results in negative consequences Problem drinkers are psychologically dependent on alcohol Problem drinkers are not physically addicted to alcohol shutterstock.com/VGstockstudio

What are the stages of substance abuse? First stage: experimentation Second stage: regular use Third stage: tolerance Final stage: dependence and addiction

The Contribution of Biology Research has shown that biological factors contribute to alcohol abuse Some research suggests that people with specific genes have a greater risk of developing problems with alcohol use shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

The Role of Environment People’s beliefs about alcohol use are influenced by their environment Culture Social relationships Family and friends Media may also contribute to alcohol use shutterstock.com/bikeriderlondon

Strategies for Preventing and Treating Alcohol Abuse Lesson 10.4 Strategies for Preventing and Treating Alcohol Abuse

Preventing Alcohol Abuse High schools and colleges have developed many education programs to decrease risky drinking Programs focus on short- and long-term consequences of alcohol use shutterstock.com/ronstik

Critical Thinking Refusal Skills Developing and practicing refusal skills can help when you are offered alcohol. What are some strategies you can use to help you refuse alcohol? shutterstock.com/milias1987

Government Approaches Setting the minimum legal drinking age at 21 Limiting the purchase of alcohol Raising the sales tax on alcohol Conducting prevention programs Placing limits on alcohol advertisements shutterstock.com/Vitezslav Valka

Strategies for Treating Alcoholism There are a number of strategies that can help people quit drinking One of the first steps in recovery for alcoholics is detoxification Various medications can be used to help people stop drinking shutterstock.com/Sam72

Support Groups Groups of people with a common problem Group members share struggles and examples of getting through their common problem Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a well-known self-help program for alcohol abuse shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

Self-Management Techniques People can develop skills for managing the situations that lead them to want to drink Avoid situations where alcohol is present Respond in new ways to these situations Learn new strategies for handling stress Develop strategies for refusing alcohol These self-management skills can be used in combination with other strategies

What You Can Do It can be very difficult to love and care about someone who has a drinking problem The first step to alcohol recovery is for the addicted person to want to change Remember that you cannot force a person to stop drinking shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

Critical Thinking Avoid Enabling Encouraging an addict’s unhealthy behaviors, either intentionally or unintentionally, is called enabling. What are some enabling behaviors that you should avoid in order to help someone who is an alcoholic? shutterstock.com/CREATISTA