2. Chapter 10
Alcohol
Lesson 10.1 How Does Alcohol Impact Your Body? Lesson 10.2 The Effects of Alcohol on Health Lesson 10.3 Reasons People Use and Abuse Alcohol Lesson 10.4 Strategies for Preventing and Treating Alcohol Abuse

3. Something to ponder
Adolescents who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drinking at age 21.

4. How Does Alcohol Impact Your Body?
Lesson 10.1
How Does Alcohol Impact Your Body?

6. Warm-Up Alcohol Use How have you seen people use alcohol products?
How do you think using alcohol products affects a person’s physical health?
Give one example of a disease or disorder related to alcohol use.
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7. What Is Alcohol?
Alcohol is a general term used to describe a drink that contains a certain amount of ethanol
Alcohol has a powerful effect on all parts of the body
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8. Emily and Alcohol

9. Taking a Closer Look...
BEFORE: Emily was bright-eyed and her skin looked fresh and healthy. Her hands showed no sign of tremors and she could walk a straight line - heel to toe - without any difficulty. Card-sorting - organising a shuffled pack into the four suits - is a good test of alertness, concentration and response times. Emily completed the task in 43 seconds.
AFTER: Her skin looked dull and she had dark rings under her eyes. Her eyes were bloodshot. There was a noticeable tremor to her hands and she had difficulty walking in a straight line. She was very wobbly putting heel to toe and struggled to maintain her balance. She took 48 seconds to do the card-sorting task - more than ten per cent slower than before.

10. Verdict
Dr Cooper says: Emily looked washed out and haggard at the second set of tests. Her results showed lack of coordination and some loss in alertness, as well as slower reaction times. This is significant considering she had slept well - she'd had nine hours' sleep. On a working day, this impairment could affect how well she performs her job and would be more serious and if she were a train driver or factory worker. Emily also put on 4lb. This is probably due to the calories in her favorite white wine tipple. Her resting pulse was slightly higher after four weeks of boozing.
Dr Rajiv Jalan says: Emily is drinking far too much.

11. Video: The truth about drinking (30 min) Video: The truth about drinking The truth about drinking (30)n) End day 1

12. What to Know About Alcohol and the Body
How Alcohol Enters the Body
Alcohol enters the bloodstream within minutes
About 20 percent of the alcohol that a person drinks is absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the stomach.
A majority of the rest of the alcohol is absorbed through the walls of the intestine, where it moves quickly into the bloodstream.

13. Mouth
stomach
Intestines
Cardiovascular
Brain
liver

14. Effects of Alcohol on the Brain
Alcohol is a depressant, a type of drug that slows down the central nervous system
Alcohol can cause
Slurred speech
Sluggish body movements
Inability to think clearly
Blackouts (memory loss)
shutterstock.com/Piotr Marcinski

15. The cerebrum is your brain
The cerebrum is your brain. It controls advanced functions like recognition, vision, reasoning, and emotion.

16. The cerebellum is the part of your brain that is involved with coordinating movement. Alcohol consumption causes problems with coordination, reflexes and balance.

17. Effects of Alcohol on the Brain
Hippocampus memories lost/ black outs Hypothalamus hunger/thirst/ increase need to urinate Frontal Lobe Planning/decision making/self control
shutterstock.com/Piotr Marcinski

18. The medulla is the part of your brain that controls basic survival functions such as breathing and heartbeat.   

20. Brain scans DVD (23 min) End day 4

21. Critical Thinking Alcohol and Intoxication
Suppose a person has the choice to drink either 12 ounces of beer or 12 ounces of wine.
Why might the person
become less intoxicated
drinking the beer than
drinking the wine?

23. one 1.5 oz shot of hard liquor at 40% alcohol or 80
                       
one 12 oz. beer at 4% alcohol
one 1.5 oz shot of hard liquor at 40% alcohol or 80                   
one 5 oz. glass of wine at 11% alcohol
                                 .

24. It takes about 1 hour to break down 1 drink

25. Blood Alcohol Concentration
A person’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) describes the percentage of alcohol that is in a person’s blood
People who have a BAC of 0.08 or above are considered legally impaired (intoxicated or drunk)
shutterstock.com/Konstantin Yolshin

26. What happens as BAC increases
People feel relaxed, may have increased social confidence, and may become talkative.
Thinking and decision-making abilities may be impaired.

27. What happens as BAC increases
Areas of the brain that control reasoning and judgment are impaired.
There is a decrease in muscular coordination, and reaction time is slowed.
Speech may be slurred and people may say or do things they usually would not say or do.

28. What happens as BAC increases
Reasoning, judgment, self-control, muscular coordination, and reaction time are seriously impaired.
People no longer can make responsible decisions although they may claim not to be affected by the alcohol.
People are considered legally drunk.

29. What happens as BAC increases
People usually become confused, disoriented, nauseous, and may have loss of control of coordination and balance.
BAC .20   
Emotions are unpredictable and may change rapidly.
They may pass out.

30. What Happens as BAC Increases
People will have little or no control.
BAC .40   
People are likely to be unconscious and death can occur.
BAC .50   
People may enter a deep coma and die.

31. Male impairment chart

32. Female impairment chart

33. What to Know About Alcohol and the Body
Alcohol affects every cell in the body. 
The effects of alcohol intensify as the concentration of alcohol in the blood increases.
The higher the BAC, the greater the effects of alcohol on the body.

34. TOLERANCE
The ability to function while intoxicated.

35. Amount of alcohol consumed
Factors That Affect BAC
Amount of alcohol consumed 
The number of drinks people have affects their BAC while the alcohol content of each drink determines the effects of the alcohol.
Speed at which alcohol is consumed 
Drinking at a faster rate increases BAC, is dangerous, and can be fatal.

36. Factors That Affect BAC
Body weight
People with a higher body weight have a higher volume of blood than people with less body weight.

37. Percentage of body fat Gender Factors That Affect BAC
High Body fat = lower BAC
Low Body Fat – higher BAC
Gender
BAC rises faster in females than in males.

38. Feelings Amount of food eaten Factors That Affect BAC
Feelings, such as stress, anger, and fear, can affect BAC by speeding up the time it takes alcohol to enter the bloodstream.
Amount of food eaten 
Alcohol passes more quickly into the bloodstream when the stomach is empty than when it is full.

39. Presence of other drugs in the bloodstream
Factors That Affect BAC
Presence of other drugs in the bloodstream 
The presence of other drugs in the bloodstream increases the effects of alcohol.
Age
The bodies of elderly people contain a lower volume of blood than younger people’s do.

40. Factors That Affect BAC
Drinking carbonated alcoholic beverages 
The alcohol in carbonated beverages passes into the bloodstream more quickly than the alcohol in non- carbonated drinks.

41. The Physiology of a Hangover
The effects of drinking alcohol may last after the alcohol has left the body
The negative symptoms caused by excessive alcohol use are called a hangover
Tiredness and dizziness
Headaches and muscle aches
Nausea and vomiting
Thirst
Depression or anxiety
shutterstock.com/Paul Schlemmer

42. The Effects of Alcohol on Health
Lesson 10.2
The Effects of Alcohol on Health

43. Alcohol Use, Accidents, and Violence
Alcohol causes
A decrease in reaction time
Difficulty coordinating movements
A decreased ability to plan and use good judgment
These impairments lead to accidents and unsafe behavior
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44. Motor Vehicle Accidents
Driving after or while drinking alcohol leads to many accidents and deaths in the United States
There are also legal consequences for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs
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45. JACQUIES STORY

46. Other Accidents Alcohol use is associated with Falls and burns
Homicides
Suicides
Firearm injuries
Electrical shocks
Near drowning
Violent actions
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47. Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning
Binge drinking is the consumption of large amounts of alcohol (4 or more drinks) in a short period of time
Alcohol poisoning occurs when a high BAC suppresses the central nervous system
Extreme cases can lead to permanent brain damage or death
shutterstock.com/Sylvie Bouchard

48. Excessive alcohol use can have dangerous consequences
Excessive alcohol use can have dangerous consequences. What are some signs of alcohol poisoning?
Mental confusion, stupor, coma, or unconsciousness
Vomiting
Seizures
Slow or irregular breathing
Hypothermia, bluish skin color, and paleness

49. Keg party video

50. Health Consequences
Excessive alcohol use over time can lead to several chronic diseases
Liver damage
Heart attacks
High blood pressure
Gastrointestinal problems
Some types of cancer
Neurological problems
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51. Alcohol and Pregnancy
When a pregnant woman drinks, the alcohol passes to her baby
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a group of serious birth defects caused by a woman’s consumption of alcohol while pregnant
shutterstock.com/Irina Solatges

52. Underage Drinking
It is illegal in all states for people younger than 21 years of age to drink
Underage drinkers account for 11% of all alcohol consumed in the United States
Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth in the United States
shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

53. What might be some immediate negative consequences for teenagers related to alcohol use?
Hangovers, illnesses, and injuries
School absences and inability to focus on work
Legal problems such as a suspended driving license
Unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases

54. Reasons People Use and Abuse Alcohol
Lesson 10.3
Reasons People Use and Abuse Alcohol

55. Alcohol Use versus Abuse
Moderate (social) drinking
One drink per day or less on average for women
Two drinks per day or less on average for men
Does not cause problems that interfere with health or daily life
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56. Problem Drinking Problem drinking results in negative consequences
Problem drinkers are psychologically dependent on alcohol
Problem drinkers are not physically addicted to alcohol
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57. What are the stages of substance abuse?
First stage: experimentation
Second stage: regular use
Third stage: tolerance
Final stage: dependence and addiction

58. The Contribution of Biology
Research has shown that biological factors contribute to alcohol abuse
Some research suggests that people with specific genes have a greater risk of developing problems with alcohol use
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59. The Role of Environment
People’s beliefs about alcohol use are influenced by their environment
Culture
Social relationships
Family and friends
Media may also contribute to alcohol use
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60. Strategies for Preventing and Treating Alcohol Abuse
Lesson 10.4
Strategies for Preventing and Treating Alcohol Abuse

61. Preventing Alcohol Abuse
High schools and colleges have developed many education programs to decrease risky drinking
Programs focus on short- and long-term consequences of alcohol use
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62. Critical Thinking Refusal Skills
Developing and practicing refusal skills can help when you are offered alcohol.
What are some strategies you can use to help you refuse alcohol?
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63. Government Approaches
Setting the minimum legal drinking age at 21
Limiting the purchase of alcohol
Raising the sales tax on alcohol
Conducting prevention programs
Placing limits on alcohol advertisements
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64. Strategies for Treating Alcoholism
There are a number of strategies that can help people quit drinking
One of the first steps in recovery for alcoholics is detoxification
Various medications can be used to help people stop drinking
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65. Support Groups Groups of people with a common problem
Group members share struggles and examples of getting through their common problem
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a well-known self-help program for alcohol abuse
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66. Self-Management Techniques
People can develop skills for managing the situations that lead them to want to drink
Avoid situations where alcohol is present
Respond in new ways to these situations
Learn new strategies for handling stress
Develop strategies for refusing alcohol
These self-management skills can be used in combination with other strategies

67. What You Can Do
It can be very difficult to love and care about someone who has a drinking problem
The first step to alcohol recovery is for the addicted person to want to change
Remember that you cannot force a person to stop drinking
shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

68. Critical Thinking Avoid Enabling
Encouraging an addict’s unhealthy behaviors, either intentionally or unintentionally, is called enabling.
What are some enabling behaviors that you should avoid in order to help someone who is an alcoholic?
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