The Consequences of American Industrial Growth Immigration Labor Union Native Americans Strikes and Industrial Unrest

Europeans Flood Into the U.S.  By the 1890s, eastern and southern Europeans made up more than half of all immigrants. Many were European Jews. Reasons for European immigration For jobs To avoid forced military service To avoid religious persecution

Ellis Island – New York – East Coast  Most immigrants passed through Ellis Island  It took about a day  The immigrants has to see a DR and they would indicate the health of a person by a colored chalk mark on their clothes  All different background, languages and cultures

Southern and Eastern European Immigration  Most immigrants settled in cities. They lived in neighborhoods that were separated into ethnic groups. Here they duplicated many of the comforts of their homelands, including language and religion.  Immigrants who learned English, adapted to American culture, had marketable skills or money, or if they settled among members of their own ethnic group tended to adjust well to living in the United States.  Examples of Ethic Communities  Greenwich Village – Jewish  Little Italy – Italian  China Town – Asian  WRTIE WHAT IS BELOW  The increase in immigration led to nativism. Nativism is anti-immigrants and only for citizen born in America to have jobs and gov’t positions  Earlier nativism was directed towards the Irish. In the early 1900s, it was towards the Asian, Jews, and eastern Europeans.

“Old” vs. “New” Immigrants  New Immigrants: from southern and eastern Europe. Some Americans feared that the New Immigrants would not assimilate to life in their new land.  Old Immigrants: from Western Europe, especially Britain, Germany, Ireland and Scandinavia. Since they had Anglo-Saxon (White) and Protestant (religious) backgrounds, they were quickly incorporated into American society.

Landing at Ellis Island, 1902

Americans Migrate to the Cities  The urban population grew from 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million by  Immigrants remained in the cities, where they worked long hours for little pay. Still, most immigrants felt their standard of living had improved in the United States.  Farmers began moving to cities because of better paying jobs, electricity, running water, plumbing, and entertainment.

The New Urban Environment  Housing and transportation needs changed in cities.  As the price of land increased, building owners began to build up- skyscrapers.  In the late 1800s, various kinds of mass transit developed. Horsecar electric trolley cars elevated railroads

Separation by Class  Wealthy families lived in the heart of the city where they constructed elaborate homes.  The middle class (doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers) tended to live away from the city.  The majority were the working class who lived in city tenements, or dark and crowded multi-family apartments.

Urban Problems  Increase in crime, fire, disease, and pollution  Alcohol  Contaminated drinking water  Improper sewage disposal  Epidemics of typhoid fever and cholera  Native-born Americans blamed immigrants for the problems.

Asian Immigration to America  Chinese immigration to the United States increased in in the mid-1800s. Reasons for Asian immigration To escape poverty and famine To escape rebellion in China To fill jobs in the railroad industry

Asian Immigration  In Western cities, Chinese immigrants worked as laborers, servants, skilled tradesmen, and merchants. Some opened their own laundries.  Between 1900 and 1919, Japanese immigration to the United States drastically increased as Japan began to build an industrial economy and an empire.  In 1910 a barracks was opened on Angel Island in California. Here, Asian immigrants, mostly young men and boys, waited sometimes for months for the results of immigration hearings. Pacific Coast

American Federation Union and Samuel Gompers  American Federation Union  Over 20 different trade organizations came together to form this union  Promoted 8 hour workdays  “Closed Shop” where companies would only hire Union workers  The largest in the Nation at the time  Gompers was their first leader – he rejected communist and socialist ideas  Kept is “plain and simple”  Worked to get Unions accepted into American society

Samuel Gompers

Pullman Strike – industrial unrest  1894 –The Pullman company in Illinois built a town named Pullman. It required its workers to live there and buy food from its stores  The Pullman company cut wages  Workers began to complain about the high costs of rent and food  The Pullman company fired them and to show support the American Railway Union stopped handling Pullman’s railcars  Pullman responded by tying its railcars to US mail railcars. If the ARU interfered then they would be charged with a federal crime  The President had to intervene and send federal troops  The Pullman Co. & the ARU fell apart after the strike

Growth of Western Population and its impact on Native Americans  Dawes Act – forces Native Americans to live and farm on reservations  Wanted Native Americans to assimilate into white culture – it failed  The land was not profitable and Native Americans didn’t want to give up their way of life  NA had depended on the buffalo for their way of life and the herds had been wiped out.  Buffalo provided – food, fuel, clothing and shelter

Sitting BullWounded Knee  Chief of the Lakota Sioux  1890 – the Gov’t banned the Ghost Dance (a dance to communicate with their ancestors)  US Army tried to arrest him and he resisted  Over 200 men, women and children Sioux died at Wounded Knee including Sitting Bull

Question 1 Name 2 types of ethnic communities.

Question 2 What did the government ban in 1890?

Question 3 Name 3 problems associated with more people moving into the cities.

Question 4 Who led the American Federation Union?