Compendium of Environment Statistics of Bangladesh Abdullah Harun Pasha Director Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

The total area is 147.570 sq. km. Total population is 142.3 million according to 2011 census. Population density is 1020/sq. km.

Bangladesh has been classified 3 physiographic region. Flood plane (b) Terraces and (c) Hills and 24 sub regions. Total river in this country are 310. A long coast line of 710 km of Bay of Bengal in the South. Bangladesh is a frequent floods, cyclones tidal surges, draught prone area.

Following the guide lines of Framework for development of Environment Statistics (UN-FDES) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) which is the National statistical organization (NSO) has developed B-FDES in 1998. Following the guide line BBS has prepared “Compendium of Environment Statistics 2009”. Data are collected from the secondary sources.

Nowadays Bangladesh faces many environmental problems. Ministry of Environment and Forest has identified 5 areas of environmental issues which are Biodiversity loss, Air pollution, Water pollution, Land degradation and Natural disaster.

Policy Adopted in Bangladesh Water Pollution control Ordinance 1973 (promulgated in 1974). Bangladesh wild life (preservation) order 1973 (promulgated in 1974) & wild life (preservation) Act 1973 Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1995. Environment Conservation Rules 1997. Environment Court Act 2000 (Amendment 2002) The Forest Act 1927 (amended in 1990, 2000) Bangladesh Bio-safety Rules 2010.

Biodiversity Bangladesh has about 5000 species of flowering plants and 1500 species of fauna. It was much more a century ago. Bio-diversity is effected: Over exploitation Deforestation Inefficient forest management Agricultural and industrial pollution

Biodiversity (Continued) Shifting cultivation in the tribal areas Coastal shrimp farming Large scale irrigation And flood control projects in Bangladesh

Biodiversity (Continued) The most important habitat for bio-diversity in Bangladesh is the natural forest . At least 94% of the original natural habitat and vegetation has been lost to human settlements and agriculture. Government of Bangladesh has under taken National biodiversity strategy and Action for conservation of biodiversity. Government of Bangladesh has declared 19 protected areas constituting about 244 thousands forest.

Flora Flora: It is recorded 7095 (apx) species of different plant (MOef 2007). Total forest area less than 17%, day by day it is reduce due to increasing of population and landlessness. According to latest account about 96 seed-bearing plant species are threatened. According to task force report 9 vascular plants are endangered and 27 are threatened Government has taken some steps for afforestation

Fauna Fauna: The total number of animal species of Bangladesh 4469. Vertebrate fauna of Bangladesh is 1597. According to IUCN Red Book 266 species of inland fishes, 442 species of marine fishes, 22 species of amphibians, 109 inland reptiles,17 marine reptiles, 388 resident birds, 240 migratory birds, 110 inland mammals and 3 species of marine mammals exist in Bangladesh. According to IUCN red list 54 species of sea fishes, 8 amphibians, 58 reptiles, 41 resident birds and 40 mammals are threatened. Number of extinct fauna of Bangladesh is 17. Number of marine species are 1093.

Atmosphere Tropical monsoon climate (high temperature-high humidity, heavy rainfall). Mean annual temperature of Bangladesh is 26oc. Average rainfall 1300 mm. to 4000 mm. Increasing trend of temperature. Decreasing trend of Monsoon. Recently, Seasons are not behaving regular.

Air Pollution Atmospheric conditions both urban and rural areas are deteriorating due to air pollution. Uncontrolled emission from motor vehicles, dust, industrial waste product, construction dust, garbage, brick kilns, cooking stoves, burning of wood, coal and bio-mass are mainly responsible. Common pollutants: Dust, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxide & Sulpher dioxide, Respirable suspended particulates (RSP), Smoke etc. Effects on human health such as cronic chronic bronchitis, acute respiratory infection in children, lung cancer, Stroke & Heart diseases, abnormality during birth.

Sound Pollution Main sources of sound pollution are the hydraulic horn of vehicles, aircraft, railroads, industry, construction, Miking, brick breaking, sirens and consumer products. Noise levels in selected area Dhaka city varies from 68 dB to 106 dB (Dey, 2001). Government is trying to reduce sound pollution in capital dhaka.

Water and Soil Pollution Bangladesh receives water: 74% from transboundary, 24% from rainfall & 2% from groundwater. Source of pollution: Industrial effluent (textiles, tanneries, pulp and paper mill, fertilizer), municipal waste, chemical fertilizer & pesticide, oil & lube spillage from sea & river ports. Arsenic contamination in the groundwater (57 million people in Bangladesh drink water containing arsenic). 9136 days per year due to arsenic related dieses. Increasing salinity in the coastal regions during dry seasons due to Farakkah & Tista barrage of India.

Solid Waste Management According to an estimate of 2004, approximately 16,380 tons/day of waste are generated in urban areas of Bangladesh . waste are collected and dumped in a crude dumping site and after that no action is taken for the ultimate fate of the waste. Recently, Dhaka city corporation has established a Solid Waste Management cell to improve the waste management services in the city.

Climate Change Due to climate change floods, tornados, cyclones (sidr, aila), drought and salinity ingress. Due to climate change 1 meter rise of Sea level will enundate 70% of the country. GDP effect will be 7%. During last 10 years 3 big floods has occurred in Bangladesh (1998, 2004 & 2007).

Millennium Development Goal-7: Bangladesh Progress at a Glance Bangladesh Government try to achieve the goal in the area: Forest area – 9 (Base year 1990-95) to 11.3 (2006), where target is 20 in 2015 Biological diversity -1.6 (Base year 1990-95) to 1.83 (2006) where target is 5 in 2015 Carbon Dioxide Emissions – .14 (Base year 1990-95) to .3 (2006) Consumption of Ozone depleting CFCs – 280.6 (Base year 1990-95) to 195.5 (2006)

Remarks Impacts of environment are occurring due to some reason: For industrialization Deforestation Urbanization Development project Intensive agriculture

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