Colonial Life Page 3

Southern Society -plantation owners were top of society Top: plantation owners Middle: small farmers (majority) Lower: indentured servants Bottom: slaves Lowest: women were 2 nd class citizens -small farmers were most of the population -second class role of women -indentured servants

Agricultural South -growth of cash crops tobacco, rice, indigo -large plantations dominate economy When you think south, think plantations… -many small farms also -few towns and cities because of the agricultural lifestyle Agrarian

Industrial North -diversified economy -harsher weather conditions -food exports - lumber industry -SHIPBUILDING -iron making FISHING too

Northern Slavery -not as much slavery -crops required less labor -many house or dock workers -slaves had more rights than southern slaves -still considered less than human

Colonial Women -few legal rights -did many jobs on the farms of the region -only single women could own property or run a business -religion also helped to make women submit to men

Witch Trials Salem, Massachusetts -Puritan community standards being challenged -young girls accused people of being witches -the accused named other witches -witches were often executed -trials later suspended due to poor evidence 150 IMPRISONED 4-5 DIED IN JAIL 1 CRUSHED IN RIOT 19 HUNG

Enlightenment -stresses the use of reason and scientific method -John Locke’s theory of human understanding -human minds begin as blank slates -led to many scientific discoveries -Benjamin Franklin -also led to increasing education

Philosophy -John Locke- ENGLISH PHILOSPHER He believed in natural rights of humans -Natural Rights life, liberty, property -Social Contract an agreement between a people and their gov’t to protect their rights It is the gov’ts job to protect its citizens… Believed in separation of church and state -Baron Montesquieu separation of powers in government -John Locke- ENGLISH PHILOSPHER He believed in natural rights of humans -Natural Rights life, liberty, property -Social Contract an agreement between a people and their gov’t to protect their rights It is the gov’ts job to protect its citizens… Believed in separation of church and state -Baron Montesquieu separation of powers in government

Montesquieu believed that the success of a democracy - a government in which the people have the power - depended upon maintaining the right balance of power. Montesquieu argued that the best government would be one in which power was balanced among three groups of officials. He thought England - which divided power between the king (who enforced laws), Parliament (which made laws), and the judges of the English courts (who interpreted laws) - was a good model of this. Montesquieu called the idea of dividing government power into three branches the "separation of powers." He thought it most important to create separate branches of government with equal but different powers. That way, the government would avoid placing too much power with one individual or group of individuals. He wrote, "When the [law making] and [law enforcement] powers are united in the same person... there can be no liberty.“ According to Montesquieu, each branch of government could limit the power of the other two branches. Therefore, no branch of the government could threaten the freedom of the people. His ideas about separation of powers became the basis for the United States Constitution.

Great Awakening -a revival of the Puritan faith -Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” -George Whitefield -new religious denominations

Education -rate of education higher in colonies than in England -religious purposes -establishment of universities Harvard, Colombia, Princeton, Yale Seven presidents of the United States – John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Theodore and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Rutherford B. Hayes, John Fitzgerald Kennedy and George W. Bush – were graduates of Harvard Harvard University, which celebrated its 350th anniversary in 1986, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The University has grown from nine students with a single master to an enrollment of more than 18,000

2/28 Friday The idea natural rights were drawn from what English philosopher? Pg 6 Q Results J. Edwards Mini-Research **Addition to Project Time to work on your project What is due Monday? Project Study Guide Test #2 p6-8

Jonathan Edwards: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Create 1 bubble chart about this person and this famous sermon. You will need 5 facts and 2 illustrations After your research, complete the following: How does this sermon reflect a “revival of Puritan faith?” Summarize what you learned about this man and his sermon in 3-5 sentences