MIDDLE COLONIES New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

NEW NETHERLAND  Dutch had colonial holdings  Older than New England  Started in opposition to Catholic Spain

BEGINNING OF DUTCH IN NEW WORLD  Henry Hudson Sailed for Dutch East India Company Looking for passage to China (as much explorers were…) 1609 – Discovered Delaware Bay Helped establish trade between Dutch and Iroquois Nations

DUTCH HOLDINGS  Manhattan Island  Up to Fort Orange (today Albany)  Established fur-trading posts – had friendly relations with the Native Americans  1620s – Dutch West India Company began to establish permanent settlements

DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY  1626 – Governor Peter Minuit purchased Manhattan from NA  New Amsterdam became capital of New Netherland  Absolute control of government Governors depended on small army defense Totally indifference in 1664 when Governor Peter Stuyvesant called them to arms against British

BRITISH IN NEW NETHERLAND  Dutch surrendered to English without firing a shot  Plan was put into action by the duke of York, the king’s brother, later King James II  Charles II granted land to his brother  English transformation New Amsterdam now New York Fort Orange now Albany Brief Dutch reoccupation in – no major impact

DUTCH PERMANENT IMPRINT  Wall Street (named for original wall to protect from NA)  Broadway (Breede Wegh)

NEW JERSEY!!!  Duke of York granted land between Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Sir Carteret and Lord John Berkeley  Named for native island of Jersey  East and West Jersey East: Puritans founded Newark, Scots – Perth Amboy West: Swedes, Finns, Dutch, Eng Quakers Unified as royal colony in 1702

QUAKERS IN PENNSYLVANIA  Quakers Founded in 1647 No formal sacraments, thee and thou, declined taking oaths, embraced simple living Experienced persecution in England Freedom to everyone and equality of the sexes Settled in NJ first and migrated

PENNSYLVANIA  Quaker commonwealth  William Penn founded  1681 – King Charles II gave Penn proprietary rights; named it Pennsylvania (literally means Penn’s Woods)  “Holy experiment” – guaranteed every adult male 50 acres of land.  Representative government and freedom of religion

PA CONTINUED  Recruited settlers like Mennonites and Baptists  Good relations with Native Americans  Penn purchased land from NA  Assembly elected by freemen (who do you think freemen were?)  Governor had no veto  Penn had veto  No established church and freedom of religion

DELAWARE  1682 – Duke of York granted Penn area of Delaware  Formed Dutch territory  At first part of PA  1704 – right to choose assembly  Until American Revolution – DE had separate assembly by shared PA’s governor