1. Ch. 3 – 3 notes

2. The Dutch Late 1500’s, Netherlands receive independence from Spain 1609 Henry Hudson (English) sails for Dutch into Delaware Bay up the Hudson River Dutch claim area in 1623 including Manhattan New Amsterdam (later NYC) was est. for profit and interests of the stockholders; no religious toleration – very aristocratic and diverse society For defense, the Dutch built a wall (Wall St) A Swedish invasion of the area (1638-1655) was repelled by Dutch director-general Peter Stuyvesant removing Swedes from the colonies Likewise the English regarded the Dutch as intruders 1664- Charles II granted his brother, the Duke of York, the area and Stuyvesant w/ no defenses surrendered; renamed ‘New York’ -- England now controlled from Maine to Carolina NY had a diverse population; aristocratic atmosphere but land monopolization

3. Pennsylvania Quakers – from England; offensive to authority, refused to pay church taxes, refused military service, simple and democratic William Penn – colonial land grant in 1681; best advertised and welcomed numerous professions and people including Catholics, Jews and Indians no tax-supported church Penn’s liberal land policies simplified life for the thousands of squatters Freedom of worship, no military defense and dislike slavery Shrewd businessmen (grain)

4. New Jersey Began as a gift from the Duke of York Created by the crown by combining West and East New Jersey in 1702; Delaware A royal colony similar to Penn. Middle colonies had calm rivers to export grain, fur, and timber Population was more ethnically mixed throughout