Puritan New England Chapter 2 Section 3

Puritans Create a “New England” 1628- Anne Dudley- 16 yrs old Marries Simon Bradstreet Leaves England with family Becomes America’s first English speaking poet The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America Aboard Arbella to Jamestown Colony is still struggling Wanted to create “model society” John Winthrop- 1st governor

Puritans and Pilgrims Puritanism – broke from Roman Catholic – 1530s King Henry VIII broke away, daughter Elizabeth I formed Anglican Church Puritan- bc wanted to purify Anglican church by eliminating all traces of Roman Catholicism Ministers are source of religious and moral instruction Objected authority of bishops Some want to stay in Anglican church, some leave and form separate ministries Separatists- (Pilgrims)- flee to escape persecution 1620 – small group of families found Plymouth Colony

Massachusetts Bay Company 1620s – other English Puritans did not like Anglican reform & turned toward New England Felt burden of increasing religious persecution, political repression & dismal economic conditions 1629 – Winthrop receives royal charter for joint- stock enterprise Massachusetts Bay Company

September 1630: Massachusetts Bay Colony was born Boston is capital Lots of people migrating Small towns around Boston to accommodate more settlers Within one year of the colony’s settlement it had: - 17 Ships - 1000 Puritan & Non-Puritan English men, women, & children settlers - Eventually, the Plymouth Colony was incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

“City Upon a Hill” “We must knit together in this work; . . . We must uphold (each other). . . In all meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality (generosity). We must delight in each other, make other’s conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together. . . So shall we keep the unity of the spirit, in the bond of peace. . . . Ten of us will be able to resist a thousand of our enemies. For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are on us.” (John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity)

No effort for democracy Political power spread more broadly than in England All adult males who belonged to Puritan church can vote 40% of colony’s men Voted annually for members of General Court who chose Governor

Church and State Felt had a duty from God to carry out Drunkenness, swearing, theft, idleness Importance of Family Puritans migrated with family Community very involved in family life Husband and wife fight? Court intervenes for counseling Kids too crazy? Placed in more “God-fearing” home

The Founding of Providence “Forced religion stinks in the nostrils of God” Roger Williams- extreme separatist English settlers have no right to land unless paid natives for it Called Royal Charter a sin and wants it revised to help natives Gov’t has no right punishing people for religious beliefs

General Court orders him arrested and returned to England 1636 – fled Mass. Southward Negotiated with Narragansett tribe for land Sets up Providence Separation of Church and State, & religious freedom

Anne Hutchinson Banished Had Bible readings in her home Didn’t need church or ministers to interpret Bible Banish her in 1638 Moves to New Netherland (New York) Religious toleration 1643- dies in war between natives

Native Americans Resist Colonial Expansion Disputes over land Native Americans felt nobody owned land; anyone who needed to use it, used it Natives saw treaties as an exchange of gifts for land for certain amount of time Europeans saw it as one time deal

The Pequot War Connecticut 1637 – Pequot Nation takes stand against colonists Colonists have alliance with Narragansett (Pequot enemies) 90 English colonists and 100’s of allies surround Pequot fort at Mystic River Set fort on fire, shoot men, women AND children Narragansett begged them to stop Colonists killed almost all of the 500-600 Pequot

King Philip’s War Natives had to follow Puritan laws No hunting or fishing on Sunday Wampanoag Chief Metacom (King Philip) Organize his tribe & others into alliance Native Americans attacked and burned towns Both sides attacked brutally Disease, hunger, and deaths stopped Natives and they fled Metacom shot and killed Head displayed for 20 years at Plymouth 10% of colonial men of voting age are killed Higher percentage than the American Revolution or Civil War