WWI “THE GREAT WAR”

M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI

Militarism As this occurs, rivals feel threatened and build up their military strength too. Nations increase their military strength to reach their goals.Nations increase their military strength to reach their goals.

Alliances Defense agreements between nations to aid each other, especially during war.

Imperialism A nation’s desire to grow and expand its territories.

Nationalism  The feeling of intense pride and loyalty to one's country Two wounded British soldiers walk with wounded German soldier. IE: Intense patriotism to the point that one is willing to sacrifice and even lay down their life.

Short Term Cause of WWI

 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the Austro- Hungarian Empire, was the spark that caused the war, on June 28, 1914.

The Archduke was killed by 19 year old Gavrilio Princip member of the “ Black Hand, ” a Serbian nationalist group who believed Austro-Hungarian rule would destroy his homeland.

Picture during the arrest.

 France  British Empire  Serbia  Belgium  Russia  United States Major Allied Powers

Central Powers  German Empire  Austro- Hungarian Empire  Ottoman Empire  Bulgaria Pictured: Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany, Enver Pasha Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Emperor Franz Joseph, Austro Hungarian Empire (Austria/Hungary).

Reasons for United States Entry into WWI Day 2

Reasons for United States Involvement in WWI  The U.S. could no longer remain neutral in face of increasing threats to its national interests.

3. German submarine warfare (to prevent supplies from reaching England): sinking of the Lusitania.  The Germans shot at any ships without warning — a violation of international law  The Germans shot at any ships without warning — a violation of international law. Unrestricted German Submarine Warfare

Interception of the Zimmerman Telegram 4. The Zimmerman Telegram offered Mexico the land it lost to the U.S. during the Mexican War if Mexico would align itself with Germany in the event that the U.S. entered the War.  This outraged Americans!

April 6, 1917: Congress declared war on Germany.

The End of WWI & the war’s Aftermath Day 3

What occurred when American troops went to war? American Expeditionary Force  U.S. President Woodrow Wilson provided leadership during the war, along with his commander, General John Pershing, who led the American Expeditionary Force of American soldiers, called doughboys, in Europe.

On October 4, the Germans requested an armistice, or an agreement to end the fighting.

Armistice  The armistice began on November 11,  11 th day, 11 th month, 11 th hour

What is Armistice day called in the U.S. today? Veteran’s Day !!!

United States leadership as the war ended

Wilson’s Fourteen Points  January 1919  January 1919 – world leaders gather in Paris, France for a peace conference.

After returning from the Paris Peace Conference…  At the end of World War I, President Wilson prepared a peace plan, called the Fourteen Points.

The League of Nations was the Final Goal of Wilson’s Fourteen Points

The League of Nations  This plan called for the formation of the League of Nations, which would be a peacekeeping organization.

The Paris Peace Conference  The Allies disagreed on how to “punish” the Central Powers.  Wilson did not want to punish them – other allies sought revenge.  The Allies disagreed on how to “punish” the Central Powers.  Wilson did not want to punish them – other allies sought revenge.

The Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919  Eventually, Germany was forced to accept responsibility for the war and agree to pay money for war damages…  War Reparations  No more weapons.  No more colonies.  Eventually, Germany was forced to accept responsibility for the war and agree to pay money for war damages…  War Reparations  No more weapons.  No more colonies.

American Opposition  Wilson presented the Treaty of Versailles to the U.S. Senate in July 1919 for ratification.  The Senate had to approve the treaty before the U.S could officially accept it.  Many Americans did not trust the idea of a League of Nations.  Wilson presented the Treaty of Versailles to the U.S. Senate in July 1919 for ratification.  The Senate had to approve the treaty before the U.S could officially accept it.  Many Americans did not trust the idea of a League of Nations.

The United States did not join the League of Nations because there was opposition to it at home and the United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.

American Opposition  The Treaty of Versailles was rejected in 1920 by the United States. NOT  The U.S. did NOT join the League of Nations.  In 1921 the U.S. signed a separate treaty with each of the Central Powers, officially ending the war.  The Treaty of Versailles was rejected in 1920 by the United States. NOT  The U.S. did NOT join the League of Nations.  In 1921 the U.S. signed a separate treaty with each of the Central Powers, officially ending the war.

Map of Pre and Post WWI Europe  