CELLS History, Parts, Functions. Robert Hooke 1665.

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Presentation transcript:

CELLS History, Parts, Functions

Robert Hooke 1665

Hooke observed Cork- named the cells “Cells”.

Leewenhoek, “Animolecules”

Schleiden and Schwann ► BOTANIST (plants made of cells)……and ZOOLOGIST (animals made of cells)

Virchow Physician “Omni cellula e cellula…”- All Cells come from pre- existing Cells.

CELLS CELL THEORY  CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE  ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS  ALL CELLS COME FROM PREEXISTING CELLS

Cell Types PROKARYOTIC Cells (Prokaryotes) NO NUCLEUS, No membrane bound organelles (golgi, lysosomes, etc). These are BACTERIA ONLY

Cell Types ► EUKARYOTIC CELLS (Eukaryotes) ► ALL other cells in life! Have a Nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. “The TYPICAL CELL”

PARTS OF THE CELL

THE CELL MEMBRANE ► Barrier around the cell…found in ALL CELLS! Controls what enters and leaves.

CELL’S NUCLEUS ► AREA OF DNA STORAGE  PROKARYOTES CALLED NUCLEAR REGION

CELLS/NUCLEUS ► MEMBRANE AROUND CALLED NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (has pores in it) ► INSIDE AREA CALLED NUCLEOLUS (makes ribosomes)

CELLS/NUCLEUS

Endoplasmic Reticulum ► MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL INSIDE OF CELL (“THE CELL”S HIGHWAY”) ► MAJOR TYPES  ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (with Ribosomes)  SMOOTH ENODPALSMIC RETICULUM (no ribosomes)

ROUGH/SMOOTH ER

ROUGH ER (see the ribosomes?)

Golgi Apparatus (or complex, or body…) Packages Proteins for export Forms Lysosomes

LYSOSOMES  TO DIGEST MATERIAL BROUGHT INTO CELL  (Enzymes for “CLEAN UP”)

RIBOSOME PROTEIN SYNTHESIS… where proteins are assembled. Remember! Amino Acids link together to form Proteins…here at the RIBOSOME! PROTEIN SYNTHESIS… where proteins are assembled. Remember! Amino Acids link together to form Proteins…here at the RIBOSOME!

VACUOLES ► STORAGE—water and salts, minerals, foods

MITOCHONDRIA ► The Site for Cellular Respiration…where energy is made! ► The “MIGHTY” mitochondria is the Powerhouse of the cell!

Mitochondria

CYTOSKELETON ► STRUCTURE/SUPPORT

Cilia and Flagella ► Cilia- short hair like projections for movement. ► Flagella- long whip-like tail for movement.

PLANTS ONLY!

Plastids ► Plastids are doubled membraned 'sac-like' organelles, generally involved in either the manufacture or storage of food. ► They include chloroplasts, chromoplasts (pigments- red, green, yellow) and leucoplasts

CHLOROPLAST Found in Plants, algea, photosynthetic organisms..anything green (chlorophyll) Captures LIGHT and turns into Glucose during photosynthesis…

Chloroplast

CELL WALL ► Encloses the Cell membrane. Found in Plants, fungi, algea…just not animal cells!

LARGE VACUOLES

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