1. The Cell Theory – a timeline Late 1500’s: -first lenses used in Europe -used to determine cloth quality (weave and precision) -combos of lenses gave better view

2. Early 1600’s Leeuwenhoek first to see living microscopic orgs. in pond water Early 1600’s

3. Robert Hooke ( 1665) Used light microscope to look at thin slices of plant tissues -- cork Called tiny chambers “cells”

4. Matthias Schleiden 1838 German Botanist (plants) concluded that ALL PLANTS ARE MADE OF CELLS

5. Theodore Schwann -- 1839 German zoologist concluded that ALL ANIMALS ARE MADE OF CELLS.

6. Rudolf Virchow -- 1855 German physician who studied cell reproduction and conluded that CELLS COME FROM PRE- EXISTING CELLS.

7. The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells

8. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes: *NO NUCLEUS OR MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES *Have cell membranes, cytoplasm and DNA Ex. Bacteria (unicellular) Eukaryotes: *Contain NUCLEUS and ORGANELLES that perform specialized functions. *Can be unicellular or multicellular Ex: plants, fungi, animals, protists

9. Figure 7.4 A prokaryotic cell

10. Organelles Function/OrganelleWhere is it found? Control: *Nucleus (plant and animal) Assembly, Transport, and Storage: *Endoplasmic reticulum (plant and animal) *Ribosomes(plant and animal) *Golgi apparatus (plant and animal) *Vacuoles (plant and animal) *Lysosomes(plant and animal) * Cell Membrane(plant and animal) * Cell Wall(plant only) * Nuclelous(plant and animal) Energy transformations: *Chloroplast(plant only) *Mitochondria (plant and animal)

11. Cell Membrane Surrounds the cell, regulates what goes in and out of the cell. Maintains homestasis.

12. Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place.

13. Nucleus Controls cell activities and directs protein synthesis.

14. Nucleolus “Little Nucleus” Makes ribosomes for the cell

15. Nuclear Membrane/Envelope Surrounds the nucleus and regulates what goes in and out of the nucleus.

16. Cell Wall Made of cellulose, protects the plant cell and gives support.

17. Endoplasmic reticulum – “highway system” 2 types: smooth (no ribosomes) and rough (has ribosomes). Transports materials in the cell.

19. Ribosomes “protein factories” Makes proteins The “free” ribosomes in cytoplasm make proteins for the cell that they are INSIDE of. Ribosomes that are attached to ER make proteins for OUTSIDE OF CELL.

21. Golgi apparatus “Gift wrapper/UPS system” Modifies, sorts, ships cell products

22. Vacuoles “Bank Vaults” or “Trash cans” Stores water, minerals, food, broken down cell parts, wastes in the cell.

24. Lysosomes “Suicide bags” Breaks down proteins, carbs, fats, nucleic acids and old organelles.

25. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” Provides energy, carries out cellular respiration.

27. Chloroplast “Powerhouse for Plant” Carries out photosynthesis for plant cells

29. Cytoskeleton Network of fibers in cytoplasm. Provides support.

30. Cilia Short hair-like projections used for movement.

31. Flagella Long whip-like tail used for movement.