 M.socrative.com – Room #38178  QUESTIONS:  (1) What created emotion in music?  (2) How did the orchestra change?

Program Music, Symphonies, Operas

 Already talked about Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9  Symphonies were now being written in the manner of Beethoven’s 9, and even further challenged the orchestra in new ways.

 Schubert also wrote symphonies  Most famous: Symphony No. 8 “The Unfinished Symphony”  Started in 1822, but only has 2 complete movements  Most symphonies have 4 movements (fast, slow, dance, fast)  The third movement exists in piano score, with only two pages orchestrated  Why do you think it wasn’t finished?

 First Movement First Movement  In sonata form, but almost a minuet and trio as it is in triple meter  Opening clarinet melody is VERY famous

 The other symphony we’ll explore is Berlioz’s Symphony Fantastique  It is a symphony, but it is also program music

 Romantic composers structured their longer works around a non-musical story, a picture, or some other idea  Also known as “descriptive” music  Not entirely new, but really takes off in the Romantic period (most popular during this period)  The Romantic period is known as “the age of program music”

 Hector Berlioz ( ), French  Symphonie Fantastique (1830)  Involves a single motive that ties all five movements together  The story involves a hero who has poisoned himself because of unrequited love. However, the drug only sends him into semi-consciousness, in which he has hallucinations.

 Movement 1: “Reveries” and “Passions” Movement 1: “Reveries” and “Passions”  Typical “love and longing” number  Movement 2: “A Ball” Movement 2: “A Ball”  Movement 3: “In the Country” Movement 3: “In the Country”  Movement 4: “March to the Scaffold”  What is a scaffold?  Movement 5: “Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath” Movement 5: “Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath”  4:00

 By Modest Mussorgsky  , Russian  “Bald Mountain” is the home of the Devil  Its creatures are coming to worship it  It was arranged and first performed after his death in 1881 by his friend Rimsky-Korsakov  It premiered in 1886  Night on Bald Mountain - Fantasia Night on Bald Mountain - Fantasia

 Composers also wrote with the political circumstances of the century in mind  Folk tunes appear in these works as themes, as do local rhythms and harmonies  The exaltation of national identity was consistent with Romantic requirements  Occurs in the music of 19 th century Russia, Spain, Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, and Austria

 Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( )  Russian (but of Western music traditions)  Went to law school, and worked for the government, but quit to play music  Some of his pieces rate amongst the most popular concert and theatrical music in the repertoire

 Commemorates Russia’s defense of Moscow against Napoleon  The Russian and French anthems are going to head to head.  In the finale, cannons fire, ringing chimes, and brass fanfares  The Russian music triumphs!  Includes a full choir  1812 Overture Finale 1812 Overture Finale  The Boston Pops plays it on the 4 th of July every year  Ending (2:30)

 Liszt’s Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2  Chopin’s Nocturne Op. 9, No. 2 New  Tchaikovsky’s Romeo & Juliet  Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture  Mussorgsky’s Night on Bald Mountain  Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique March to the Scaffold  Schubert’s “Unfinished Symphony”