INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 10/15/2015

COLLECTIVE SECURITY 1648: Peace of Westphalia Ended 30 Years War & Eight Years War Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, Sweden, Dutch League of Nations o NATO

COLLECTIVE SECURITY WORKS: Consensus DOESN’T WORK Most of the time—lack of general power consensus Collective Action Problems No consensus to stop problems (1930s) First-Actor Problem DOESN’T WORK: Multiple Collectives (all-out war, WWI)

COLLECTIVE ACTION PROBLEMS Prisoner’s Dilemma Tragedy of the Commons

NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY race/videos/manhattan-project UK, US, Soviet Union, France, & China 1) Prevent proliferation/spread 2) Peaceful energy 3) Nuclear disarmament (North Korea; Israel, India, Pakistan) M

ARMS CONTROL WORKS: Short-term interest to build more weapons; long- term interest to NOT build more weapons U.S./Soviet Arms Race (slight power disparity)

ARMS CONTROL DOESN’T WORK We weren’t at the table when U.N. formed India rejected it on principle Pakistan then decides it needs nukes Iran/Israel: Existential Threat

PEACEKEEPING Raises cost of violating agreement Attacking Canadian/Norwegian troops Has to be mutually acceptable status quo