1. April 27 th  Learning Target  I can understand the threat of nuclear proliferation.  Opener  Name all the countries you can think of that have nuclear weapons.

2. Nuclear Proliferation  The spread of nuclear weapons to countries that do not already have them

3. Ten-Second Share  Predict  Why might nuclear proliferation be a bad thing?

4. Spread of Nuclear Weapons  1945: United States makes first ever nuclear weapon  1949: Soviet Union tests their first nuclear weapon

5. Spread of Nuclear Weapons  1952: United Kingdom test first bomb  1960: France tests first bomb  1964: China develops first bomb with help from USSR

6. Stopping Nuclear Proliferation  In the 1960s, U.S. and Soviet Union began to fear the further spread of nuclear weapons  Believed that 25 countries were within a decade of building nukes  More countries with nukes = more likely that nukes will be used

7. Summarizing Main Ideas  Why did the United States and the Soviet Union want to stop nuclear proliferation in the 1960s?  1-2 complete sentences

8. Stopping Nuclear Proliferation  Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT) signed in 1970  Result of U.S. and USSR cooperation  Originally had 62 countries sign

9. NPT  Divides world into two categories:  Countries with nukes as of 1965  Countries without nukes

10. NPT  Countries without nukes  Will not attempt to build or develop nuclear weapons  Countries with nukes  Will not help other countries get nukes  Will reduce their number of nukes

11. Summarizing Main Ideas  What were the terms of the NPT?  1-2 complete sentences.

12. Ten-Second Share  Decide  Why might the NPT be seen as hypocritical?

13. NPT  U.S. and Russia began reducing their nuclear weapons  1972: SALT 1 treaty  1991: START 1 treaty  2009: New START treaty

14. NPT  By 2003: all but 3 countries had signed NPT  Israel  India  Pakistan

15. Ten-Second Share  Predict  Why did these three countries not sign the NPT?

16. Israel  Secretly built its first nukes in 1966  Built to protect itself from surrounding countries  Has somewhere between 80-400 weapons  Officially does not admit having weapons, but does not hide program

17. India  First successful test in 1974  Built to protect itself from Pakistan  90-110 weapons

18. Pakistan  First successful test in 1998  Built in response to India’s nukes  120 weapons

19. Israel, India, Pakistan  All three countries argue that the NPT is not fair  Argue that they have right to defend themselves just like the nuclear-armed countries

20. Summarizing Main Ideas  Write 2-3 complete sentences explaining your opinion on the question below:  Is the NPT fair?

21. Modern Proliferation: North Korea  North Korea started nuclear program in 1980s  Signs multiple agreements with U.S. to end nuclear program  But continues program anyway

22. Modern Proliferation: North Korea  2003: North Korea withdraws from NPT  2006: North Korea tests first nuclear weapon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMsgXOw4SN 8&t=16

23. Modern Proliferation: North Korea  U.S. has continued to negotiate with North Korea  UN has imposed lots of sanctions  But North Korea continues to build more nuclear weapons  Estimated 5-12 crude weapons

24. Ten-Second Share  Review  Based on your prior knowledge about North Korea, why might it be dangerous for them to have nuclear weapons?

25. Modern Proliferation: Iran  Signed NPT in 1970  1995: began developing nuclear energy program with help from Russia  2002: U.S. discovered secret Iranian nuclear plants

26. Modern Proliferation: Iran  2004: U.S. began negotiating with Iran to end nuclear program  2006: U.N. passed sanctions against Iran  2009: U.S.-Israeli cyberattack destroyed part of Iranian nuclear plant

27. Modern Proliferation: Iran  Iran continues to operate nuclear plant  Not building bombs yet  But getting close to point where they could  Argue they have a right to protect themselves from U.S. and Israel

28. Summarizing Main Ideas  Write 2-3 Big Ideas from this lecture.

29. Closure  Should the U.S. be concerned about nuclear proliferation?