1. Nuclear Weapons
Part I

2. What is the U.S.A.’s top priority regarding nuclear weapons?
To stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Proliferation=spread of nuclear weapons.
Current U.S. leadership has vowed to ensure that no terrorist organization or non-nuclear country gains control of nuclear weapons

3. Which states have nuclear weapons?
U.S.A. (1,950 operational nuclear weapons)
Russia (1,740 operational nuclear weapons)
Great Britain
France
China
India
Pakistan
Israel (In total there are approx. 17,300 nuclear weapons in the world, the U.S.A. & Russia have 16,200 of them).

4. “A nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought
“A nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought.”-Ronald Reagan & Mikael Gorbachev, 1986
? So why do the USA and Russia and 6 other countries have so many?

5. Answer: The Cold War and Deterrence
Read pages 4-8, Cuban Missile Crisis
How did the Cold War create a nuclear arms race?
Why did deterrence become the essential strategy for the leaders of the Cold War?

6. Deterrence: 6. Deterrence was based….
on the idea that the threat of nuclear retaliation could actually prevent one side from starting a nuclear war.
Threatretaliationwar
Whatever powerful states can do to maintain their threat, its worth it.
So what resulted?

7. The Cold War Arms Race Doomsday machine The balance of terror
#7. In what year did the number of Soviet weapons surpass U.S. weapons?
Some of the alarming language of the Nuclear Era…..
Doomsday machine
The balance of terror
Mutually Assured Destruction
“better dead than red”
Hot line
Massive retaliation
Brinkmanship…

8. Its no wonder people did this…
Or this…
Or even this

9. How did policy makers begin to address the concerns and paranoia of Americans?
Arms Control
Using treaties, international organizations, and diplomacy to limit the building, spreading, testing, or potential use of nuclear weapons.
What were some of the examples of arms control throughout the nuclear era?

10. Treaties and agreements:
N.P.T.
C.T.B.T.
Post-Cold War treaties and programs

11. N.P.T. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Signed by 189 nations
Attempts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons and technology
The most widely recognized arms control treaty on the world
3 components are…
India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea do not abide by the terms of the treaty.

12. C.T.B.T. Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
66 nations signed, U.S. did not ratify
An agreement to end nuclear weapons testing, based off of earlier test ban treaties in the late 1960s.
U.S. has a moratorium on testing nukes, and has the scientific capability to know if their weapons work without testing them.

13. Post Cold War Treaties and programs:
TREATY/AGREEMENT NAME
DATE
Description
S.T.A.R.T. (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)
1994
Russia and USA agree to limit their nuclear arsenals to 6,000 each
S.O.R.T. (Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty)
2003
Russia and USA agree to limit their nuclear arsenals to 1,700-2,000 each
New S.T.A.R.T.
2012
Russia/USA 1,550 each by 2018
Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (Nunn-Lugar Program)
Dismantled, disposed of, and safely stored over 7,000 nukes until Russia stopped participating in 2012.

14. So what. Have these treaties actually worked
So what? Have these treaties actually worked? Don’t we still deal with dangerous nuclear threats in the international community all the time?

15. Why is it still necessary to control nuclear weapons?
Go back to page 14 in Nuclear Weapons part II.
Identify the 4 arguments against nuclear weapons, then answer the following question….
Have treaties such as the N.P.T. and others succeeded in supporting any of these arguments? If so which ones and how significantly?

16. 3 Proliferation cases (PAGES 20-23)
Iran
India-Pakistan
North Korea
Re-read each case. Was the International community successful in preventing proliferation of nuclear weapons in these 3 cases? If the answer is no, what was the reason why?