Bell Ringer  What did you like about the Constitutional Convention?  What would you change?  How would you constructively change it?

Bell Ringer  Prioritize your rights!  Using the list below, choose the 7 rights that are most important to you and prioritize them. Write them, in order of importance, on your paper.  -Freedom of religion  -Freedom of the press  -Freedom of assembly  -Freedom of petition  -Freedom of speech  -Right to bear arms  -Right to not forcibly house soldiers  -Freedom from unreasonable search/seizure  -Right to due process  -Freedom from self-incrimination  -Can’t be tried twice for the same crime  -Right to a speedy trial  -Right to trial by jury  -Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment

The Supreme Law of the Land The Supreme Law of the Land

OUTLINE OF THE CONSTITUTION 1. Preamble- short intro, describes the six purposes of government 1. Preamble- short intro, describes the six purposes of government

OUTLINE OF THE CONSTITUTION 2. Body broken into 7 sections called articles: Article 1: Legislative Article 2: Executive Article 3: Judicial

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Power to: Power to:  make laws and frame public policy  $$$$: purse, tax, budget Responsibility to provide for the common defense & promote the general welfare Responsibility to provide for the common defense & promote the general welfare

EXECUTIVE BRANCH Power to Power to  execute, enforce, and administer law  Sign laws, treaties, executive orders, and pardons Preserve, protect, and defend Constitution Preserve, protect, and defend Constitution

JUDICIAL BRANCH Power to Power to  interpret the laws, determine meaning and settle disputes  Judicial review  Interpret laws and decides whether Constitutional

OUTLINE OF THE CONSTITUTION Preamble- short intro, describes the six purposes of government Preamble- short intro, describes the six purposes of government Body is broken into 7 sections called articles. Body is broken into 7 sections called articles.  Article 1: Legislative  Article 2: Executive  Article 3: Judicial Article 4: States – Nat. Gov’t – States Article 4: States – Nat. Gov’t – States Article 5: Formal Amendments Article 5: Formal Amendments Article 6: Constitution Supreme Law Article 6: Constitution Supreme Law Article 7: Ratify that Constitution Article 7: Ratify that Constitution *Followed by 27 amendments *Followed by 27 amendments

6 PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION 1. Popular Sovereignty: 1. Popular Sovereignty:  Authority for the government flows from the people 2. Limited Government: 2. Limited Government:  Government has only the authority that the people have given to it; government must obey the law

6 PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION 3. Separation of Powers: 3. Separation of Powers:  Each branch of government has its own responsibilities and limitations 4. Checks and Balances: 4. Checks and Balances:  Each of the three branches of government exercises some control over the others

6 PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION 5. Judicial Review: 5. Judicial Review:  Power of the courts to determine whether what government does is in agreement with what the Constitution provides 6. Federalism: 6. Federalism:  Division of power among a central government and several regional governments

RATIFICATION AND THE BILL OF RIGHTS

THE FIGHT FOR RATIFICATION Ratification definition? Ratification definition? Formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness of a constitution, amendment or treaty. Ratification did not come easy Ratification did not come easy Once the Constitution was drafted it was: Once the Constitution was drafted it was: Printed, circulated, and debated heavily Printed, circulated, and debated heavily Federalists favored the ratification Federalists favored the ratification Anti-federalists were opposed to the Constitution Anti-federalists were opposed to the Constitution

FEDERALISTS FAVORED RATIFICATION  Wrote Federalist Papers (New York)  J. Madison/ A. Hamilton/ John Jay 1. Government needed more power 2. Divided power between 3 branches 3. Single person executive 4. Solved specific problems of Articles **Supported by most newspapers

ANTI-FEDERALISTS OPPOSED RATIFICATION  Henry/ Mason/ Adams 1. No guarantee of personal rights 2. States didn’t have enough power 3. President may become king 4. Liberties gained would be lost

OUTCOME OF THE FIGHT… Bill of Rights! Bill of Rights! Constitution did NOT provide for basic liberties Constitution did NOT provide for basic liberties Added 3 years after Added 3 years after Proposed in 1 st session of Congress Proposed in 1 st session of Congress Ratified in 1791 by the states Ratified in 1791 by the states AKA: the first 10 amendments AKA: the first 10 amendments

The Bill of Rights THE FIRST 10 AMENDMENTS

1 st Amendment o Five basic liberties (RAPPS): o Freedom of/from Religion o Freedom of Assembly o Freedom of the Press o Freedom of Petition o Freedom of Speech

2nd Amendment  Right to bear arms  States may keep a militia (National Guard)

3rd Amendment  Prevented quartering (housing) of soldiers

4 th Amendment  Unlawful Searches and Seizures  Police must obtain warrants (court order)  Evidence gained illegally cannot be used in court.

5 th Amendment  Cannot be forced to be a witness against yourself  Due Process  Government cannot deprive individuals of life, liberty, or property without proper notice I plead the fifth. Why did you name your child North West?

6 th Amendment  Right to a speedy and public trial  Right to an attorney

7 th Amendment  Right to a jury in any civil case involving more than $20 (today this is obsolete)

8 th Amendment  No cruel or unusual punishment  No excessive bails or fines

9 th Amendment  Unenumerated (unwritten) rights  There are rights not listed in the Constitution that people have  Gay rights, Abortion

10 th Amendment  Powers not given to the National government are given to the States.  “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

Unit One Packet YAY ItemsStudy Guide 1. Flipbook Section One 2. Political Philosophers & Beliefs Section One 3. What Would Philosopher Say? Section One 4. Forms of Government Notes Section Two 5. Historical Documents Notes Section Three 6. Declaration of Independence Section Three 7. Origins of Am Gov Section Three 8. Basic Concepts o’ Democracy Section Three 9. Principles of Gov Drawings Section Three 10. STUDY GUIDE!!! All of it