Chapter 5

 Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:  Configure IP addresses  Identify & select valid IP addresses for networks  Configure a DHCP server  Configure a host to use DHCP for configuration  Troubleshoot & resolve IP addresses configuration and communication issues  Configure DNS addresses  Configure an IPv6 address

5a.1

 Each host needs IP to communicate  Logical address  Assigned to the NIC  Computers, network printer, router interfaces  Remember  Packet has source & destination IP

 What protocol translates the name to the IP address?  DNS

 32 bit number  Four octets of 8 bits  Network & host portion of address  Routers read network portion only To send to correct network   Network is .16 is the host portion

 Logical (not physical like MAC)  IPv4 has 32 bits, 4 octets  8 bits in each octet   Convert that to decimal:   Value in each octet from  That’s a total of 256 numbers.

 Add up the values of the binary 1’s  156  

 Binary to Decimal Conversions Binary to Decimal Conversions  Add up the bit values to come up with the decimal answer  Decimal to Binary Conversions Decimal to Binary Conversions  Convert the decimal number to bits  Binary Game Binary Game  Create an account on cisco.com

 How many bits in an IPv4 address?  32  How many octets? How many bits in each?  4 octets; 8 bits in each  What can be the decimal value range of each octet?   How many numbers is 0-255?  256

5a.2

 Network portion  Identifies network to the router  Router cares about this part  Host portion  Identifies the specific host  Router doesn’t care about this part Hierarchical Addressing 

  How many total bits are on? (1’s) /24 notation   How many total bits are on? (1’s) /16 notation   How many total bits are on? (1’s) /29 notation

 Subnet Mask  Helps router decide which network packet is on  Helps show which part of IP is network & host  32 bits   Binary 1’s - ID the network portion  Binary 0’s - ID the host portion

 SM helps tells us how many hosts are on that network   Binary 0’s= identifies # of hosts on that network  8 ZEROS is 2 8 =256  Subtract 2 for useable number Unusable: (.0) is the network ID (.255) is the broadcast address for a network Total Useable is 254

 SM  128=  2 7 = is 126 hosts  SM  224=  2 5 = 32-2 is 30 hosts  SM .240.0=  2 12 = is 4094 hosts

 Router ONLY knows which NETWORKS it is connected to!!!  Doesn’t care about individual hosts  It ANDs the IP & Subnet Mask  Result= DESTINATION NETWORK  Looks in routing table for destination network & sends it out the outgoing port

   What network does this belong to?

 One PC is  What is network does it belong to?  How many useable hosts?  Give PC’s addresses.

 What is the purpose of the subnet mask?  To help the router identify the destination network  A packet enters a router. Which address does it look at?  Destination IP  What process does it do with the destination IP & the subnet mask?  ANDs it  What is the result of the ANDing?  The destination network

5a.3

 Large organizations   Default SM=  One octet for network, 3 octets for hosts  How many hosts available?  2 24 = over 16 million   N.H.H.H  

  15= Class A  Default SM for Class A=  Network portion of address= 15.  Host portion=  Network ID=  All zero’s in the host portion  Broadcast address=  All binary one’s in the host portion

 Medium organizations   Default SM=  Two octets for network, 2 octets for hosts  How many hosts available?  2 16 = over 65,000   N.N.H.H  

  167= Class B  Default SM for Class B=  Network portion of address=  Host portion=  Network ID=  All zero’s in the host portion  Broadcast address=  All binary one’s in the host portion

 Small organizations   Default SM=  Three octets for network, 1 octet for hosts  How many hosts available?  2 8 = (254 useable)   N.N.N.H  

  210= Class C  Default SM for Class C=  Network portion of address=  Host portion=.89  Network ID=  All zero’s in the host portion  Broadcast address=  All binary one’s in the host portion

 Class D not for hosts  D is multicast (one to a group)   Class E not for hosts  For testing only   All 0’s in host portion(s) = network ID  All 1’s in host portion(s)= broadcast CAN NOT USE THESE ADDRESSES FOR HOSTS!

Class 1 st Octet Range Default Subnet Mask Network/ Host Portions # of Hosts per Network A N.H.H.H16 million B N.N.H.H65,000 C N.N.N.H254 DEDE D: Is used for multicasting, webcasts, streaming video E: Is used research only

 Address  What class?  What are the network portions?  What are the host portions?  What is the network address/ID?  What is the broadcast address?  What is the first usable address?

 Lab  ANDing Activity ANDing Activity  Determine the network address  Lots of Practice!

 Which version IP addresses are we dealing with?  IPv4  How many bits in an IP address?  32  How many octets in an IP address? 44  Which part of this address is the host portion? 66

 Which network does this belong on?  network  How many total hosts can be on that network? Useable?  256  254, why?

5a.4

Address Class Address Range A B C  Some addresses are reserved & can not be routed across Internet  You can have a public IP for network/servers & private for hosts inside  Saves IP addresses

 If host does not connect DIRECTLY to Internet, it can have a private IP  Router BLOCKS private IP’s  Great Security!!!  Private IP’s can not be seen from Internet  range is reserved for loopback testing  169 is APIPA (local link)- no IP received from DHCP server

 Pass or Block IP Addresses Pass or Block IP Addresses  Decide to pass or block the IP depending upon if it’s private or public  Public or Private Public or Private  Drag each IP to public or private  Handout  Host, Network#, or Broadcast address, Class, default SM, usable/unusable for hosts

 What is the private range for class A?  10  What is the private range for B?   What is the private range for C?   What is unique about the private addresses?  They are not routable  What does it mean if your address is 169?  APIPA; you did not get an IP from DHCP server

5a.5

 One-to-one (Source to Destination)

 One-to-all (source to all) in segment  All hosts will look at it  All 1’s in host portion(s) of address  Last address in subnetwork (unusable for host)  Broadcast IP & MAC (all F’s)  Default Broadcasts  A  B  C

 One-to-group  Class D  Multicast MAC begins with E  Where is it used?  Gaming  Distance learning

 Unicast, Multicast, or Broadcast

 Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast  Look at the destination IP & click the devices that will receive it  Try it several time  Handout  CMD  Netstat –e  Do this every 10 seconds  Pay attention to non-unicast packets

 ; What network is this on?   Which default SM has the most hosts?  Class A  Over 16 million!  How many useable hosts in a Class C?  254  ; What network is this on? 

 What are the private IP addresses?  10, ,  What is the MAC broadcast frame in hex?  FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF  What is the MAC for a multicast?  E  One to one communication is…  Unicast  To send a unicast message, which addresses do you need?  Source & dest. IP & MAC

5a.6

 How many bits in an IPv4 address?  32  How many octets in an IPv4 address? 44  What’s the range of numbers in each octet?   What are the bit values?  128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1  Convert 

 to decimal  to decimal  to decimal  to decimal

 192 to binary  224 to binary  47 to binary  115 to binary

 Range:  Default Subnet Mask:  Which octets are Network & Host?  How many hosts available?  Give an example IP & SM:

 5 to binary  77 to binary  100 to binary  127 to binary  What’s in common with all of them?

 Range:  Default Subnet Mask:  Which octets are Network & Host?  How many hosts available?  Give an example IP & SM:

 128 to binary  142 to binary  191 to binary  What’s in common here?

 Range:  Default Subnet Mask:  Which octets are Network & Host?  How many hosts available, total & useable?  Give an example IP & SM:

 192 to binary  200 to binary  223 to binary  What’s common here?

 Class D  Multicasting  Class E  Experimental Use  Private Addresses  A-  B-  C-

Chapter 5