1. Ip addressing
Chapter 5a
6-7 days including test

2. objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:
Configure IP addresses
Identify & select valid IP addresses for networks
Configure a DHCP server
Configure a host to use DHCP for configuration
Troubleshoot & resolve IP addresses configuration and communication issues
Configure DNS addresses
Configure an IPv6 address

3. 5a.1
About ipv4 addresses

4. Purpose of an IP Address
Each host needs IP to communicate
Logical address
Assigned to the NIC
Computers, network printer, router interfaces
Remember
Packet has source & destination IP

5. Everything is IP What protocol translates the name to the IP address?
DNS

6. What is an IPv4 Address? 32 bit number 192.168.2.16
Four octets of 8 bits
Network & host portion of address
Routers read network portion only
To send to correct network
Network is
.16 is the host portion
Every house on a street has a unique house number that allows you to get your mail. An IP address is a special number assigned to your computer that allows communication on the network.

7. IPv4 Address Facts Logical (not physical like MAC)
IPv4 has 32 bits, 4 octets
8 bits in each octet
Convert that to decimal:
Value in each octet from 0-255
That’s a total of 256 numbers.

8. Convert binary to decimal
Add up the values of the binary 1’s
156
229
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

9. Binary/Decimal Conversions
Binary to Decimal Conversions
Add up the bit values to come up with the decimal answer
Decimal to Binary Conversions
Convert the decimal number to bits
Binary Game
Create an account on cisco.com
Mobile game version:

10. Review- 4q How many bits in an IPv4 address?32
How many octets? How many bits in each?
4 octets; 8 bits in each
What can be the decimal value range of each octet?
0-255
How many numbers is 0-255?
256

11. parts of the address & the subnet mask

12. Parts of an IP Address Network portion Host portion 192.175.36.9
Identifies network to the router
Router cares about this part
Host portion
Identifies the specific host
Router doesn’t care about this part
Hierarchical Addressing

13. Activity

14. Subnet Masks & slash
How many total bits are on? (1’s)
/24 notation
/16 notation
/29 notation

15. IP & Subnet Mask Interaction
Helps router decide which network packet is on
Helps show which part of IP is network & host
32 bits
Binary 1’s - ID the network portion
Binary 0’s - ID the host portion

16. How many hosts on the net? Unsubnetted
SM helps tells us how many hosts are on that network
Binary 0’s= identifies # of hosts on that network
8 ZEROS is 28=256
Subtract 2 for useable number
Unusable:
(.0) is the network ID
(.255) is the broadcast address for a network
Total Useable is 254

17. How many total & useable hosts?SM
128=
27= is 126 hosts SM
224=
25= 32-2 is 30 hosts SM
.240.0=
212= is 4094 hosts

18. Routers, IP’s & Subnet Masks
Router ONLY knows which NETWORKS it is connected to!!!
Doesn’t care about individual hosts
It ANDs the IP & Subnet Mask
Result= DESTINATION NETWORK
Looks in routing table for destination network & sends it out the outgoing port

19. anding
A router ANDs the destination IP & SM to find the destination network. It then looks in the routing table for the destination network to send it out the port that goes towards that network or the default route.

20. What network are these on?
ANDing

21. ANDing- What network?
What network does this belong to?

22. Figure It Out
One PC is
What is network does it belong to?
How many useable hosts?
Give PC’s addresses.

23. Review- 4q What is the purpose of the subnet mask?
To help the router identify the destination network
A packet enters a router. Which address does it look at?
Destination IP
What process does it do with the destination IP & the subnet mask?
ANDs it
What is the result of the ANDing?
The destination network

24. Types of ip addresses ipv4 classful

25. Class a: IP Classes & Default SM
Large organizations
1-126
Default SM=
One octet for network, 3 octets for hosts
How many hosts available?
224= over 16 million
N.H.H.H
127 is reserved for loopback!!!! Not in any class.

26. Class A Example 15.7.92.5 255.0.0.0 15= Class A
15= Class A
Default SM for Class A=
Network portion of address= 15.
Host portion=
Network ID=
All zero’s in the host portion
Broadcast address=
All binary one’s in the host portion

27. Class b: IP Classes & Default SM
Medium organizations
Default SM=
Two octets for network, 2 octets for hosts
How many hosts available?
216= over 65,000
N.N.H.H

28. Class B Example 167.101.52.36 255.255.0.0 167= Class B
167= Class B
Default SM for Class B=
Network portion of address=
Host portion=
Network ID=
All zero’s in the host portion
Broadcast address=
All binary one’s in the host portion

29. Class c: IP Classes & Default SM
Small organizations
Default SM=
Three octets for network, 1 octet for hosts
How many hosts available?
28= (254 useable)
N.N.N.H

30. Class C Example 210.44.200.89 255.255.255.0 210= Class C
210= Class C
Default SM for Class C=
Network portion of address=
Host portion= .89
Network ID=
All zero’s in the host portion
Broadcast address=
All binary one’s in the host portion

31. Other IP Classes & More Class D not for hosts Class E not for hosts
D is multicast (one to a group)
Class E not for hosts
For testing only
All 0’s in host portion(s) = network ID
All 1’s in host portion(s)= broadcast
CAN NOT USE THESE ADDRESSES FOR HOSTS!

32. IPv4 Addresses cheat sheet
Class
1st Octet Range
Default Subnet Mask
Network/ Host Portions
# of Hosts per Network A
1-126
N.H.H.H
16 million B
N.N.H.H
65,000 C
N.N.N.H
254 D E
D: Is used for multicasting, webcasts, streaming video
E: Is used research only
Subnet Mask helps determine what network an address is on.
All hosts in a LAN have same SM.
There are default SM for each class.
Can subnet (split)

33. activity Address 168.19.203.12 255.255.0.0 What class?
What are the network portions?
What are the host portions?
What is the network address/ID?
What is the broadcast address?
What is the first usable address?

34. activity 8.1.2.8 Lab ANDing Activity Lots of Practice!
Determine the network address
Lots of Practice!

35. Review- 4q Which version IP addresses are we dealing with?
IPv4
How many bits in an IP address? 32
How many octets in an IP address? 4
Which part of this address is the host portion? 6

36. Review- 2q Which network does this belong on? 201.14.6.5 255.255.255.0
How many total hosts can be on that network? Useable?
256
254, why?

37. Public & private ip addresses

38. Public/Private IP’s
Some addresses are reserved & can not be routed across Internet
You can have a public IP for network/servers & private for hosts inside
Saves IP addresses
Address Class
Address Range A B C
Home & Small Businesses use C

39. Private IP’s
If host does not connect DIRECTLY to Internet, it can have a private IP
Router BLOCKS private IP’s
Great Security!!!
Private IP’s can not be seen from Internet
range is reserved for loopback testing
169 is APIPA (local link)- no IP received from DHCP server

40. Private Nets

41. activity Pass or Block IP Addresses Public or Private Handout
Decide to pass or block the IP depending upon if it’s private or public
Public or Private
Drag each IP to public or private
Handout
Host, Network#, or Broadcast address, Class, default SM, usable/unusable for hosts

42. Review- 5Q What is the private range for class A?10
What is the private range for B?
What is the private range for C?
What is unique about the private addresses?
They are not routable
What does it mean if your address is 169?
APIPA; you did not get an IP from DHCP server

43. Unicast, multicast, broadcast

44. Unicast Address Communication
One-to-one (Source to Destination)

45. Broadcast Address Communication
One-to-all (source to all) in segment
All hosts will look at it
All 1’s in host portion(s) of address
Last address in subnetwork (unusable for host)
Broadcast IP & MAC (all F’s)
Default Broadcasts A B C

46. Broadcast Address Communication
Broadcasts DO NOT pass a router!

47. Multicast Address Communication
One-to-group
Class D
Multicast MAC begins with E
Where is it used?
Gaming
Distance learning
Examples of where multicast addresses would be used are in remote gaming, where many players are connected remotely but playing the same game. Another example would be distance learning through video conferencing, where many students are connected to the same class.
Multicasts are also used between routing to exchange routing information.

48. Multicast Communication

49. Which one, based on the MAC?
Unicast, Multicast, or Broadcast

50. Activity Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast Handout CMD
Look at the destination IP & click the devices that will receive it
Try it several time
Handout
CMD
Netstat –e
Do this every 10 seconds
Pay attention to non-unicast packets

51. Review- 4q 160.50.23.6 255.255.0.0; What network is this on?
Which default SM has the most hosts?
Class A
Over 16 million!
How many useable hosts in a Class C?
254
; What network is this on?

52. Review- 5q What are the private IP addresses?
10, ,
What is the MAC broadcast frame in hex?
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
What is the MAC for a multicast? E
One to one communication is…
Unicast
To send a unicast message, which addresses do you need?
Source & dest. IP & MAC

53. 5a.6
Ipv4 addressing review

54. Addressing Review- 5q How many bits in an IPv4 address?32
How many octets in an IPv4 address? 4
What’s the range of numbers in each octet?
0-255
What are the bit values?
128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
Convert
Classful addressing- # of bits is fixed per class & all subnets in a network are the same size

55. Conversion Practice 1 11100101 to decimal 10001110 to decimal
229
142
248
255

56. Conversion Practice 2 192 to binary 224 to binary 47 to binary

57. IP Address Review- Class A
Range:
Default Subnet Mask:
Which octets are Network & Host?
How many hosts available?
Give an example IP & SM:
0-126 or (0 & 127 can’t be used), ,
N.H.H.H,
over 16 million

58. Convert A 5 to binary 77 to binary 100 to binary 127 to binary
What’s in common with all of them?
Assign a student to do each and put answers on board.
Binary 1st octet begins with a 0.

59. IP Address Review- Class B
Range:
Default Subnet Mask:
Which octets are Network & Host?
How many hosts available?
Give an example IP & SM: , ,
N.N.H.H,
over 65,000 hosts

60. Convert B 128 to binary 142 to binary 191 to binary
What’s in common here?
Binary 1st octet begins with a 10.

61. IP Address Review- Class C
Range:
Default Subnet Mask:
Which octets are Network & Host?
How many hosts available, total & useable?
Give an example IP & SM: ,
N.N.N.H,
256 total hosts & 254 useable hosts

62. Convert C 192 to binary 200 to binary 223 to binary
What’s common here?
Binary 1st octet begins with a 110.

63. Other Classes Class D Class E Private Addresses Multicasting
Experimental Use
Private Addresses A- B- C-

64. Test on ipv4

65. Ip addressing
Chapter 5a