What are the advantages/disadvantages of the location of the capital (Rome)? Why would Hannibal be able to surprise the Romans with his attack? Rome fights in 3 Punic Wars to defeat Carthage. Why is this important?

Summary of what we have learned so far…….

Alexander the Great’s Empire Roman Empire at its greatest

Constantine moves the capital PREDICT: What impact might this have on the Roman Empire?

Diocletian splits the Empire

LT 3.E I can identify events that contributed to the advancement of Eastern Europe & the Middle East during the Middle Ages.

9cf02d28c68d1?projector=1 9cf02d28c68d1?projector=1 Video of Byzantium (4:06)

Constantine’s City-- Constantinople

Barbarian Invasions of the Roman Empire

Constantinople: A Greek City (Istanbul Today)

Cultural Advancements of the Byzantine Empire 1.Law 2.Education 3.Religion 4.Architecture

Emperor Justinian [r ]

Empress Theodora

Justinian’s Empire at its Peak

LAW - Justinian’s Code Corpus Juris Civilis: 1. Digest 2. Code 3. Institutes

EDUCATION Common language – Greek Works of Ancient Greece and Rome are preserved

RELIGION Orthodox Christianity – spreads throughout Eastern Europe and the Middle East. The Great Schism (split) – Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church separate (1054)

ARCHITECTURE - Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy Wisdom]

Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia

Arabia: A Threat to the Great Empires Arabia: A Threat to the Great Empires ? ? ? ?

Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad Settled people Nomads rare, but important – caravan link

Muslim Empire Growth of Islam and the Muslim Empire

CROSSROADS OF TRADE

The Rise of Islam From the time of Muhammad, Muslim control ranges from Spain to China Many Islamic kingdoms and empires, no single Muslim empire

Spread of Islam under Muhammad

Cultural Advancements of the Muslim World Trade Education Religion Architecture

Trade The Muslim Trade Network connected the Silk Roads of China and India with Europe and Africa Muslims needed a single language (Arabic) and a single currency to trade. Banks set up credit that could be exchanged for cash throughout Muslim lands

Spice Trade Routes

Education Arabic - common, unifying language House of Wisdom in Baghdad – combination library, academy and translation center. – Scholars of different cultures and beliefs worked side by side – Muslim scholars used the knowledge of Greek, Indian and Arab traditions. Made advancements in Math, Science, Art, Literature and Philosophy

Religion Islam was spread from China to Spain Islam and Arabic language - Uniting factor of the regions, caliphates and empires Advancements were able to flourish for centuries

Muslim Conquests Muslims practiced religious tolerance for Jewish and Christian faith (“people of the book”) as long as they paid their taxes

Architecture Cities throughout Muslim World founded or expanded (Cordoba, Cairo, Damascus, Jerusalem, Baghdad) The Blue Mosque in Istanbul, and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem are some of the best examples of Islamic architecture