1 Joint Doctrine: The Authoritative Vocabulary For and Explanation of Joint Warfare and Joint Operations October 16, 2015 Representing Reality\Big Data\Big Data-061 Joint Functions(2).ppt 1308 Devils Reach Road, Suite 303 Woodbridge, VA Peter Morosoff

2 Overview of Presentation 1.The joint publications (JP) are known collectively as joint doctrine. 2.They provide a foundation for joint warfare which is different from the service- centric approach to warfare that joint warfare replaced because of the 1986 Goldwater-Nicholas DoD Reorganization Act. Joint warfare is executed with joint operations. 3.There are 81 JPs. Almost every one describes a different type of warfare activity (e.g., fires, intelligence, and logistics). While each activity type has one or more essential properties that distinguishes it from the other types of activities, warfighters can and do use the same tasks, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) in multiple types of warfare activities. 4.Military forces must accomplish whatever mission is assigned by the President. Military forces focus their training and other preparations for war on the application of force. However, if the President assigns a mission that does not require the application of force such as earthquake relief, the military executes that mission. 5.The JPs address this reality by providing the framework of concepts represented in diagrams on slides Because specific TTPs can be used in the execution of any the six joint warfare functions (slide 3), the 80 JPs explaining the types of warfare activities include TTPs and other information that warfighters should and do use if appropriate for the circumstances and mission. JPs are reservoirs of ideas and are not directives.

3 Joint Warfare Joint Operation Joint Function Command and Control (C2) IntelligenceFiresMovement and Maneuver ProtectionSustainment Executed through Is_A Subordinate task, missions, and related capabilities: These (e.g., electronic warfare) are explained in joint publications (JP) using the common vocabulary of the JPs, joint warfare, and joint operations. Overview of Joint Warfare and Joint Operation This figure is extrapolated from the discussion in paragraph 11, “Joint Functions,” in Chapter 1, “Theory and Foundations,” of Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States.

4 Task, Function and Mission The information on this slide is extrapolated from the previous slide and the discussion in paragraph 7, “Task, Function, and Mission,” in Chapter 1, “Theory and Foundations,” of Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States. Task: A clearly defined action or activity assigned to an individual or organization Function: A broad, general, and enduring role for which organization is designed, equipped, and trained Mission: The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore Joint Operation A joint operation is (1) directed by higher authority; (2) focused by a mission provided by higher authority; (3) directed by missions and other tasks promulgated to his subordinates; (4) and executed by units that bring the capabilities outlined in their functions to the joint force.

5 TTP, Operations and Campaigns Campaign. A series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space Operations. A sequence of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP): Methods for doing things with tactics being the most general and procedures the most specific In the execution of a joint operation (1) individual actions (often implementations of standard TTPs) are executed; (2) these individual actions are parts of and support specific operations; and (3) the operations are parts of campaigns. Joint Operation Accomplish by executing The information on this slide is extrapolated from the previous slide and the discussion in paragraph 6, “Campaigns and Operations,” in Chapter 1, “Theory and Foundations,” of Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States.

6 Command Relationship A joint operation is executed by a joint force composed of elements whose commanders are assigned missions, tasks, and command relationships. Command relationships specify authority and responsibilities among commanders (e.g., which battalion commanders are under the control of a brigade commander and which infantry commander is to have priority for the fires provided by the commander of an artillery battalion). Command relationships are among commanders and not their units. The information on this slide is extrapolated from Chapter 5, “Joint Command and Control,” of Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States. Command Relationship Operational Control (OPCON) Tactical Control (TACON) SupportAdministrative Control Coordinating Authority Is_A

7 There are significant complexities to effectively integrating and synchronizing Service and combat support agency (CSA) capabilities in joint operations….For example, simply getting the joint force to form and deploy in a coherent and desired manner requires integration of organization, planning, and communication capabilities and activities. But to fully employ the joint force in extensive and complex operations requires a much greater array of capabilities and procedures to help the commander and staff integrate and synchronize the joint force’s actions. These types of activities and capabilities center on the commander’s ability to employ the joint force and are grouped under one functional area called command and control. In a similar manner, many other functionally related capabilities and activities can be grouped. These groupings, we call joint functions, facilitate planning and employment of the joint force. In addition to command and control, the joint functions include intelligence, fires, movement and maneuver, protection, and sustainment. Some functions, such as command and control and intelligence, apply to all operations. Others, such as fires, apply as the mission requires. A number of subordinate tasks, missions, and related capabilities help define each function, and some apply to more than one joint function. Subordinate Tasks, Etc., of Joint Functions The passages on this slide are from paragraph 11, “Task, Function, and Mission,” in Chapter 1, “Theory and Foundations,” of Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States. For this presentation, the last sentence (i.e., “A number of subordinate tasks, missions, and related capabilities help define each function, and some apply to more than one joint function.”) is the most important. It identifies (1) the existence of “subordinate tasks, etc.”, and (2) that some of these “tasks, etc.” apply to more than one joint function. Joint doctrine’s explanations of the “subordinate tasks, etc.,” are distributed across the joint publications. See the next slide for an overview of the joint publications.

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