“THE HAPPINESS ADVANTAGE”  DAY 14:  3 things you are grateful for in the present.  5 minute  Repeat after me: “I will DOMINATE that test!

Last time in World History….

Postwar Uncertainty

A Scientific Revolution Albert Einstein  “Theory of Relativity” , theory turns science and society upside down While the speed of light is constant, other things that seem constant (space & time) are not

A Scientific Revolution Sigmund Freud  Ideas and work was as revolutionary as Einstein  Idea of our “unconscious mind”  Analyzes dreams for the first time

Changes in Lit. & Art Literature  The horror of war made deep impression on many writers  For Example:  Franz Kafka: “The Trial” and “The Castle”  James Joyce “Ulysses” Art  Rebelled against the norm; wanted to show the inner emotions of objects  Picasso and “cubism”  Surrealism, inspired by Freud, movement linked dreams with reality  Jazz emerged in the U.S.

“Three Musicians” Picasso“Egg Born” Salvador Dali

Changes in Society and Tech.  The role allowed women to take new roles for the first time  Women’s suffrage in U.S., Britain, Germany, Sweden & Austria  Ditched restrictive hair and dress styles for more comfort  The automobile transformed society and more people owned them, not just rich  Airlines start to be used for leisure travel (Charles Lindberg)  Radio broadcast begins in Pittsburgh, PA and sweeps the nation  Film becomes popular and “Hollywood” is born …. Play Me: Charlie ChaplinPlay Me: Charlie Chaplin

A Worldwide Depression

Postwar Europe  Many European countries were nearly bankrupt  Counties started to establish new democratic governments but governments were often inefficient  Many willing to sacrifice a democratic government for a strong, authoritative leadership.

Weimar Republic  1919 – Germany’s new democratic government  Weak from the start  Many Germans blames the Weimar Gov. for the humiliating of Treaty of Versailles.  Inflation in Germany, U.S. helps  Attempts at lasting peace between France and Germany and world, failed German children playing with…money!

Financial Crisis  In late 1920s, U.S. prosperous economy sustained world economy  Uneven distribution of wealth, overproduction, consumers buying less  1929, stock market crashes (p. 473).

Depression hits us all  Within months, unemployment boomed and wages decreased  Banks and business began to close, farmers lost land sentences  By 1933, ¼ of American workers have NO JOB!  Great Depression – a long business slump

Fascism in Europe!  Millions of people lost faith in democratic government. Why? Fascism  Turned to extreme forms of government such as Fascism  Fascists made several promises, for example: 1.Revive economy 2.Punish those responsible for hard times 3.Restore national pride

Fascism’s Rise in Italy  Def: Militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to state and obedience to its leader

Fascism Fascism’s Rise in Italy Characteristics 1.Nationalism 2.Loyalty to authoritarian leader 3.Wear uniforms 4.Special salutes 5.Mass rallies 6.Deny individual rights 7.State is Supreme!!  Differences with Communism 1.Social classes exist in Fascist state 2.Fascists are nationalists and Communists are internationalists

Mussolini Takes Control  Italy’s Problems: 1.Treaty of Versailles 2.Inflation 3.Unemployment 4.Democratic government is ineffective

 Founded Fascist Party in 1919  As economy worsens, popularity increases  Black Shirts –  Black Shirts – attack Communists  Supported by middle class, aristocracy, and industrial leaders  Oct. 1922, 30,000 fascist mark into Rome and rally for Musso.

“ Il Duce ”  How does Mussolini take control of Italy? 1.Abolish Democracy 2.Outlaw all political parties 3.Secret police 4.Censorship

Nazis Rise of the Nazis  National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazis  Overturn Treaty of Versailles  Combat Communism  Swastika  Brown Shirts

“ der Fuhrer ”  1923 Beer Hall Putsch  Mein Kampf 1.Aryans “master race” 2.Vow to regain German lands 3.Against Treaty of Versailles 4.Lebensraum = “more space”

Hitler Becomes Chancellor  1932, Nazis are biggest party on Germany  Jan – President Paul von Hindenburg names him Chancellor (p. 478)  Germany becomes Totalitarian State  SS created  Gestapo  Banned strikes, labor unions

Hitler Becomes Chancellor  President Hindenburg names Hitler chancellor  Fire destroys Reichstag building and Communists are blamed  Germany becomes Totalitarian State  SS created  Gestapo  Banned strikes, labor unions Paul von Hindenburg State Standard

Fuhrer is Supreme  Propaganda  Censorship  Book burning  Hitler Youth  League of German Girls

Hitler Makes War on the Jews  Anti-Semitism  November 9, 1938 the Night of Broken Glass or Kristallnacht State Standard