1. Fascism in Europe

2. Fascism A philosophy or system of government that advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of belligerent nationalism.

3. a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralizedautocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of oppositionautocraticdictatorial a political system headed by a dictator in which the government controls business and labor and opposition is not permitted

4. Extreme militaristic nationalism Totalitarianism Anti-democratic thought One-party state Dictatorship Militarism Mixed economy Individual interests are below the needs of the nation. Imperialism Social order Main Beliefs of Fascism The symbolism of the fasces suggested Strength Through Unity: a single rod is easily broken, while the bundle is difficult to break. Fasces is the Roman symbol of collectivism and power: a tied bundle of rods with a protruding ax.

5. extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a “people’s community” in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation.

6. Beliefs Revive economy Punish those responsible for the “hard times” Restore national pride Extreme nationalism Pledge loyalty to the authoritarian leader Uniforms, salutes, and mass rallies

7. Benito Mussolini Editor and politician Promised to: Revive economy Rebuild armed forces Provide strong leadership Fascists wearing black shirts, attacked communists and socialists, to weaken opponents King Emmanuel III named him leader of the government

8. Il Duce Abolished democracy Outlawed political parties- except fascism Jailed his opponents Only allowed fascist doctrines to be publicized or broadcast Outlawed strikes Controlled economy by allying with industrialists and large land owners

9. Adolf Hitler Dropped out of high school A failed artist Volunteered for the army, and awarded the Iron Cross twice for bravery during WW I Joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party

10. National Socialist German Workers’ Party Nazi for short Nazism- German fascism Swastika Private militia- storm troopers or brown shirts Wanted to overturn the Treaty of Versailles Combat communism Supported by the middle and lower middle class

11. Der Fuhrer Leader of the Nazi party Jailed for treason- 5 year sentence Wrote “Mein Kampf” - beliefs and goals for Germany Most ignored Hitler until the depression Hindenburg names Hitler German Chancellor Turned Germany into a totalitarian state

12. Banned political parties Arrested opponents SS and secret police scared people into obedience Banned strikes and labor unions Hitler put Germans to work, and decreased unemployment from 6 to 1.5 million Der Fuhrer

13. Wanted to control every aspect of life used radio, the press, literature, paintings, and film burned books that did not conform to the Nazi belief Hitler Youth program Der Fuhrer