A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Role of Government 1 Section 2: Forms of Government Essential Question: Explain the differences between monarchies, republics, and dictatorships; Describe how a federal system works; compare and contrast Presidential and Parliamentary forms of government.

A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Role of Government 2 Section 2: Forms of Government Differences among monarchies, republics, and dictatorships: monarchies— government where leader is King or Queen and power is passed on by inheritance to a family member. Constitutional monarchies government where power is shared between King or Queen AND a democratically elected body of representatives. republics—representatives are chosen by the people- representatives may be given power for life, but it is not passed down automatically

A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Role of Government 3 Section 2: Forms of Government

A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Role of Government 4 Section 2: Forms of Government Differences among monarchies, republics, and dictatorships: republics—representatives are chosen by the people- representatives may be given power for life, but it is not passed down automatically dictatorships—control is in the hands of a single person or small group. These types of government tend to be highly authoritarian meaning the rulers are not required to care for the people and totalitarian meaning the rulers attempt to control all aspects of life

A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Role of Government 5 Section 2: Forms of Government Types of government systems: unitary—all legal power is held by the central government (United Kingdom) federal—legal powers are shared among national, state, and local governments (This is the U.S.) confederal—independent states join together to accomplish common goals without a central government (European Union)

A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Role of Government 6 Section 2: Forms of Government Differences between presidential and parliamentary forms of government: Presidential: The legislative and executive branches remain separate and independent of each other. The executive branch is headed by a president, who is chosen independently of the legislature and acts as head of state. Parliamentary: The executive branch is headed by a prime minister, who is chosen by the legislature. The chief executive and head of state are separate offices. (Queen is HoS, Prime Minister CE)