Chapter 6 Section 1 POPULATION PATTERNS

The People 5% of world’s pop. Canada: 35.1 million US: 319 million  3 rd largest All are immigrants or descendants

Immigration 1 st wave- land bridge from Asia (Native Americans) Several waves followed- all groups affected by push- pull factors of that time Were they always accepted/appreciated?

REASONS FOR IMMIGRATION- US/Canada  religious or political freedom.  economic opportunities.  natural resources & rapid industrial development

Engage: REASONS FOR IMMIGRATION  Copy these notes: Reasons for immigration: US/Canada  religious or political freedom  economic opportunities  natural resources & rapid industrial development  Push and pull factors!  Choose one of the three: Houston, Sugar Land, or Clements HS  On a sheet of paper, make a T-Chart of push and pull factors for your chosen location.

Immigration % of population % of population % of population All time high is 14.8% in 1890

What are some things you notice about this map?

Population density & distribution Canada is larger country…but 8 ppl/sq. mile Most is inhospitable  90% live on border with US/ middle prairies/ W. Coast

Population density & distribution US has 77 ppl/sq. mile (NJ is highest) Widely distributed NE/ Great Lakes = most dense (history & industry) Pacific coast  climate, resources, $ California #1 state in # (but also bigger) S and SW = fastest growing (climate, jobs, land space) – The Sun Belt Retirees, immigrants from LA

2000

2006

NATIVE AMERICANS First immigrants to America, arrived from Asia thousands of years ago.  2.5 million in U.S.  700,000 in Canada

Population Patterns Total population (2014): ~34 million 81% of Canadians live in urban areas Cities serve as important centers of commerce, education and trade Toronto: largest Canadian city; NOT THE CAPITAL Vancouver (British Columbia) handles almost all trade between Canada and Asia

Population Patterns Variety of ethnic groups in Canada 90% of population lives within 100 miles of the U.S.- Canadian border Rugged terrain, cold arctic climates limit where people can live Most densely populated areas: ones that can support agriculture, fishing & trade (near coastlines, Great Lakes) Westward migration with discovery of oil & natural gas in Prairie Provinces in 1960s

Prairie Provinces: -Alberta -Saskatchewan -Manitoba

U.S. & Canada Economics

Free Market Economy Free Market: allows people the freedom to own, operate, and profit from their own business Pros: Businesses can hire employees & pay them Laws protect private property rights, employment opportunities & the health and safety of workers USA & Canada are both post-industrial societies, which places an emphasis on service & high tech businesses rather than industry & manufacturing

United States vs. Canada USA Mostly, the government does not interfere Private organizations handle services Broadcasting regulated by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) but companies like ABC, CBS are privately owned People choose health care plans---but are now required to have it Canada SOME government interference! Government owns and administers more services than the USA Health care is publicly funded, not privately CBC: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation—owned by the government

Manufacturing & Services 75% of workers are employed in the service (TERTIARY!!) industry! Government workers Education Health care Tourism Real Estate Banking Entertainment Both countries are considered to be post-industrial!

“Retooling” the Rust Belt Rust Belt: older, industrial areas around the Great Lakes whose mills were abandoned when companies moved south towards the Sunbelt Example cities—Buffalo, Pittsburgh. Happened in the last third of the 1900s (around ) Now, these cities are being turned from abandoned mills into tourist areas and public spaces in an effort to bring some new life to the cities

Trade & Interdependence: US & Canada are powerful! The U.S. is #2 in all world exports, provides 10%+ of all world exports chemicals, agricultural & manufactured goods, and raw materials (metals, iron ore) are exported—also software! Over half of Canadian exports go to U.S. (more than they import (trade surplus)

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement Created in 1994 US, Canada & Mexico can trade goods freely—no restrictions! Is different from the EU because PEOPLE are still not allowed to flow freely between nations you still need a passport to get into Canada & Mexico! One effect: OUTSOURCING! US businesses are building factories in Mexico  Positives: cheaper labor, cheaper goods for Americans, saves $$ Negatives: moves jobs out of U.S., increased dependence on imports

2008 Recession US entered economic downturn Caused by excessive number of home-mortgage loans (basically, people were borrowing $ and couldn’t pay it back) Effects Many homes went into foreclosure Stock market became unstable Unemployment rose Some banks failed; others had to be helped by government Canada saw some economic losses, but the effects weren’t as strong as in the USA

Government  Both countries have…  DEMOCRACIES  Constitutions  National govn’t shares power with state/provincial govn’ts.  Supreme court w/ 9 judges  3 branches

Government  U.S. has 3 branches 1.Executive (Pres., Vice Pres., & Cabinet) 2.Judicial (9 judges) 3.Legislative (Congress) Senate House of Representatives

Government  Canada has 3 branches 1.Executive (Prime minister, cabinet, and appointed governor- general) 2.Judicial (9 judges) 3.Legislative (Parliament)  Senate  House of Commons