Unit: Horticulture Lesson:plant parts, functions, and structures 1) What is a cell? Is the smallest unit of all living organisms Are the building blocks responsible for life 2) Explain and give functions of the parts of a Cell. The cell wall is made of of 3 parts 1)Primary wall (first to develop)2) middle Lamella –layer between walls of two cells 3) Secondary Wall – woody part of The plant that develops inside primary wall Objective: Student will understand plant parts and functions

WOW REALLY HAVING FUN NOW ! Plasma membrane – composed of pospholipids, Proteins, carbohydrates, and fat Acts as the gate keeper allowing some things in keeping others out (lets IE water) Senses the outside environment and relays that To the nucleus Plasma membrane – outer membrane Surrounds the cell –just inside the cell wall!

WOW REALLY REALLY HAVING FUN! Cytoplasm- liquid contained in the cell Contains organelles Site of most life processes Organelles within the cytoplasma 1) Mitochondria Controls many of the chemical reactions Provides site of respiration

WOW REALLY REALLY REALLY HAVING FUN NOW! NUCLEUS – control center of the cell Contains genetic information ( chromosomes) VACULOES – large fluid filled Stores water - as plant reaches maturity vacuoles enlarge Functions Controls physiological characteristics of the plant Controls appearance Passes characteristics to offspring

What is the general difference between monocots and diocots? One cotyledon Leaves with parallel veins Vasculsar bundles scattered within the stem Flower parts in multiple of three Ie- three stamens Six petals - corn Two cotyledons Leaves with branched veins Vascular bundles in circular pattern Flower parts in fours or fives Most flowering plants and deciduous trees

WOW REALLY,REALLY,REALLY,REALLY HAVING FUN NOW! 3) What are the basic types of specialized plant tissues? Meristem- cells that actively divide – to form new growth Apical meristem – located on the tips of roots and stems -Increases plant length Cambium meristem tissue -Located in stems -Increases plant diameter Intercalary zone meristem tissue -Located just above nodes on moocots -Increases stem height

What is a seed? Contains an embryo (minature plant) Dormant until enviormnetal conditions permit germenation

Basic seed parts and functions Seed coat - Tough exterior surface - Protects embryo from drying out and injury Embryo Cotyoledon - Seed leaves - Monocots one cotyledon – protects the epicotyl - Diocots two cotyledons – protects the epicotyl and provides food storage for new plants

Epicotyl ( plumule) Growth bud of embryo –located above cotyledon Develops into shoot that emerges from the seed

Hypocotyl Stem section – located below the cotyledon First tree stem

Radicle Root tip located at the end of the hypocotyl First root of the plant First part to emerge from a seed Holds the plant in soil, absobing water and nutirents

What are the functions and types of roots? Main fuction Anchor plant Absorb nutirents and water Specialised functions Synthesize hormones for plant growth Store carbrohydrates

Root Features Root Hairs - Single celled hair like extension - More hairs are produced under dry conditions - Fewer under moist conditions - Located near tips of roots Radicle roots - Emerge from the seed - Grow into true root or die in formation of fiberous roots

Types of roots Tap root (primary or true root) - Large central root - Common in dicots (carrot) - Penetrates deep into the soil Fibrous roots - No central root - Finely branched secondary roots - Common in momcots - grass

Arerial roots Clinging air roots - Grow out horizionally from stem - Fastens plant to a support –English Ivy Absorptive air roots - Thick outer covering of dead tissue - Absorbs and stores water - orchids

Adventitious roots Develop in places other than nodes Can form on a cutting – blackberries

Aquatic roots Develop adventitious roots in shallow water from submerged shoots Absorbs nutirents and oxygen from the water

What are the functions, structures, and types of stems? Functions of a stem - Support other plant parts (branches leaves) - Capture light for photosynthesis - Move water / nutirents to other parts of the plant