Transcription and Translation:

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Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

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Presentation transcript:

Transcription and Translation: From DNA to Proteins

How can DNA code for how I look? How does this code give me black hair & brown eyes? How can this code make me tall or short?

Recall: Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA DNA makes up GENES, which are found on CHROMOSOMES. Gene— a segment of DNA that provides information for making a specific protein.

DNA is expressed as PROTEINS—determines your traits! DNA  RNA  Proteins (Transcription) (Translation) THE CENTRAL DOGMA!

DNA is very important and must be kept protected! Cytoplasm Nucleus DNA Replication DNA can’t fit through nuclear membrane, so it needs to send a “messenger” RNA (mRNA) to the ribosomes to make proteins. DNA is very important and must be kept protected! Transcription RNA Translation . Protein

Transcription (DNA  mRNA) Transcription occurs in the NUCLEUS RNA = Ribonucleic Acid (a nucleic acid) DNA is template for RNA mRNA is made of same bases, except uses URACIL instead of thymine. A pairs with U G pairs with C Every 3 letters of mRNA are called a CODON.

Transcription The new mRNA molecule is formed by incorporating nucleotides that are complementary to the template strand. DNA DNA coding strand 5’ G T C A T T C G G 3’ G RNA 5’ U C A 3’ 3’ C A G T A A G C C 5’ DNA template strand

DNA vs. RNA RNA 1. Single-stranded 2. A pairs with Uracil (U) Sugar = Ribose Location = Nucleus and Ribosomes DNA 1. Double-stranded 2. A pairs with Thymine (T) 3. Sugar = Deoxyribose Location = Nucleus

There are 3 Types of RNA rRNA Ribosomal mRNA Messenger Job is to carry the message from the nucleus to the ribosome tRNA Transfer Job is to transfer the amino acids to the ribosome Only in cytoplasm rRNA Ribosomal Composes the ribosome itself Only in cytoplasm

Three types of RNA

Translation (mRNA  Protein) Takes place in RIBOSOMES mRNA is template for tRNA Transfer RNA (tRNA) tRNA translates the message, picks up corresponding amino acid, and puts it together into a protein chain. Every 3 letters of tRNA are called an ANTICODON.

Translation

DNA  mRNA  tRNA DNA ATC CTA GTG CAT mRNA UAG GAU CAC GUA tRNA AUC CUA GUG CAU

Amino Acids—make up proteins

"Why do we need mRNA if DNA holds all the genetic instructions for the proteins the cell needs to produce?" DNA must be protected at all costs AND it is too big to leave the nucleus.

Vocabulary to Know…. Quiz yourself!!!!!! DNA Nucleus Ribosomes Transcription Translation RNA Protein mRNA tRNA Amino acid Quiz yourself!!!!!!