Cognitive Development The first two years

Perception b Perceptual constancy the size or shape of an object remains the same despite changes in its appearancethe size or shape of an object remains the same despite changes in its appearance b Dynamic perception arises from the movement of objects and changes in their positionsarises from the movement of objects and changes in their positions b Intermodal perception associating information from one sensory modality with information from anotherassociating information from one sensory modality with information from another

Perception b Crossmodal perception using information from one sensory modality to imagine something in anotherusing information from one sensory modality to imagine something in another

Object permanence b The realization that objects and people exist, even when they cannot be sensed example: Ball hidden behind parent’s backexample: Ball hidden behind parent’s back b Begins to develop around 4 months of age, much sooner than Piaget’s approximation

Sensorimotor Intelligence b Infants are active participants in their cognitive development, evidenced by use of their senses and motor skills to aquire knowledge b Jean Piaget’s first stage of Cognitive Development

Stages of Sensorimotor Development b Stage 1; reflexes (birth-1m) b Stage 2: first acquired adaptations (1-4m) b Stage 3: Procedures for Making Interesting sights last (4-8m) b Stage 4: New Adaptation and anticipation (8-12) b Stage 5: New Means Through Active Experimentation (12-18m) b Stage 6: New Means Through mental combinations (18-24m)

Further characteristics of infant learning b Goal Directed Behavior: Purposeful action initiated by infants in anticipation of events that will fulfill their needs and wishes (Stage 4)Purposeful action initiated by infants in anticipation of events that will fulfill their needs and wishes (Stage 4) b Little Scientist: Active experimentation to learn about the properties of objects (Stage 5)Active experimentation to learn about the properties of objects (Stage 5)

Language Development b Reflexive communication (newborn) cries, movements, facial expressionscries, movements, facial expressions b Cooing (3-6m) lengthy vowel sounds with facial expressions alengthy vowel sounds with facial expressions a b Babbling (6-12m) both consonant and vowel sounds, repetitionboth consonant and vowel sounds, repetition b Holophrase (1 year) one word sentencesone word sentences b Two-word sentences (two years)

Language terms b Underextension: a narrow use of a word, too specific b Overextension: a broad use of a word to include objects or people with common characteristics, too general b LAD: Learning Acquisition Devise a theoretical brain organization responsible for languagea theoretical brain organization responsible for language Named by Noam ChomskyNamed by Noam Chomsky