Introduction to Water You need to write down the underlined words for vocabulary!

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Water: 4 Primary Sections The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) Glaciers Glaciers Groundwater Groundwater Water Quality Water Quality

The Hydrologic Cycle

The natural circulation of water from ocean to atmosphere to ground, then back to ocean The natural circulation of water from ocean to atmosphere to ground, then back to ocean – Water is constantly circulating – Can be in any of 3 states of matter Solid, Liquid, or Gas Solid, Liquid, or Gas – The cycle is powered by heat from the sun and the force of gravity – The total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere remains constant

Important Vocabulary Evaporation Evaporation Evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration Sublimation Sublimation Condensation Condensation Precipitation Precipitation Runoff Runoff Infiltration Infiltration Discharge Discharge

A large mass of ice formed by the compaction and recrystallization of snow that moves down slope under its own power is called a …

Glaciers Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion They can carve out large U-shaped valleys and carry a lot of rock and debris down slope They can carve out large U-shaped valleys and carry a lot of rock and debris down slope They move by gravity They move by gravity Leaves a trail of debris behind Leaves a trail of debris behind

Sublimation- Ice or snow turning directly into water vapor (solid  gas) Ice or snow turning directly into water vapor (solid  gas)

Groundwater- subsurface water in the zone of saturation subsurface water in the zone of saturation – 98.5% of fresh water is below the earth’s surface Water Table

How does water get underground? Infiltration- the seepage of water into soil or rock Infiltration- the seepage of water into soil or rock – Depends upon surface and subsurface conditions

Permeability – the ability of a material to transmit fluid Depends upon soil composition Depends upon soil composition – Sand, Silt, or Clay Why is sand more permeable than clay? Why is sand more permeable than clay?

Porosity – the volume of open space (pores) in a soil or rock sample The amount of water than can pass through soil or rock depends upon the amount and size of pores The amount of water than can pass through soil or rock depends upon the amount and size of pores

Water Table The Water Table is the line below which all pore spaces are filled with water (saturated) The Water Table is the line below which all pore spaces are filled with water (saturated)

Aquifer An aquifer is an underground geological formation able to store and yield water. An aquifer is an underground geological formation able to store and yield water.

Artesian System Where water flows out of the aquifer and to the surface due to pressure from above Where water flows out of the aquifer and to the surface due to pressure from above – Spring (natural) – Well (drilled)

What happens when running underground water dissolves minerals in the bedrock? CAVES !

Sinkholes - Funnel-shaped holes where caves have collapsed Funnel-shaped holes where caves have collapsed

Water Quality A crucial factor in the quality of our lives A crucial factor in the quality of our lives

Hard Water Water picks up calcium and magnesium from the landscape Water picks up calcium and magnesium from the landscape – Can clog pipes or shower heads – More in some places than others

Water Pollution Contamination can come from Contamination can come from – Point sources – Non-point sources

What is the primary source of contamination? HUMANS! HUMANS! – Point sources- Factories Factories Septic tanks Septic tanks Chemical spills Chemical spills – Non-point sources- Soil Erosion Soil Erosion Agricultural runoff Agricultural runoff – Fertilizers – Pesticides – Livestock wastes

Landfills- (Human) New Landfills require a liner to prevent contamination New Landfills require a liner to prevent contamination Leachate – water that has run through contaminated areas picking up soluble substances Leachate – water that has run through contaminated areas picking up soluble substances

We live in the arid west… Water is scarce Water is scarce Water is precious Water is precious Water sustains life Water sustains life Water should be conserved. Water should be conserved.

Household Water Consumption Where can you conserve water?

So what where the 4 main topics on water? The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) Glaciers Glaciers Groundwater Groundwater Water Quality Water Quality

Now try these questions again! You should have 9 definitions written down!