DIGESTION SECT.2-9P.67-69

DIGESTION PROCESS THAT BREAKS DOWN FOOD

2 TYPES OF DIGESTION 1. INTRACELLULARWITHIN THE CELL EXAMPLESPLANTS, PARAMECIUM (PROTISTS) *ENZYMES BREAK DOWN FOOD INTO SMALL MOLECULES THE CELL CAN USE 2.EXTRACELLULAROUTSIDE THE CELL EXAMPLEANIMALS  *ENZYMES ARE SECRETED INTO A DIGESTIVE CAVITY WHERE FOOD IS BROKEN DOWN AND THE NUTRIENTS ARE PASSED TO CELLS

2 TYPES OF ANIMAL SYSTEMS 1. INCOMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM *ONE OPENING (MOUTH OR ORAL CAVITY) EXAMPLESTARFISH 2.COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM *TWO OPENINGS (MOUTH AND ANUS) EXAMPLEHUMAN

2 PARTS TO DIGESTION 1. PHYSICAL LARGE PIECES ARE BROKEN INTO SMALLER ONES ALSO KNOWN AS MECHANICAL 2. CHEMICAL BREAKING DOWN OF COMPLEX MOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES INCLUDING CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS  

THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM P.69-73 (SEE CHART P.71)

1. MOUTH (ORAL CAVITY) INGESTION OF FOOD PHYSICAL DIGESTION BEGINNING OF CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION (SALIVARY AMYLASE FROM THE SALIVARY GLANDS)

2. ESOPHAGUS TUBE OFF THE PHARYNX THAT CONTRACTS (THIS CONTRACTION IS CALLED PERISTALSIS) TO PUSH FOOD TO STOMACH

3. EPIGLOTTIS FLAP TO COVER TRACHEA OR AIRWAY

4. STOMACH BREAKS DOWN FOOD INTO A PASTE-LIKE CONSISTENCY CONTAINS HYDROCHLORIC ACID (pH NEAR 2) HORMONE GASTRIN IS PRODUCED TO STIMULATE ACID PRODUCTION SECRETES PEPSIN (ACTIVE FORM OF PEPSINOGEN) TO BEGIN PROTEIN DIGESTION MUCUS LINING FOR PROTECTION SORES CALLED ULCERS CAN FORM

5. PANCREAS PRODUCES PANCREATIC JUICE TO MAKE THE SMALL INTESTINE BASIC (pH NEAR 8) RELEASES THE ENZYMES PANCREATIC AMYLASE (CARBS), TRYPSIN (PROTEINS), LIPASE (LIPIDS) INTO THE SMALL INTESTINES

6. LIVER PRODUCES BILE TO EMULSIFY (BREAKDOWN FROM LARGE TO SMALL) LIPIDS

7. GALL BLADDER STORES BILE GALLSTONES CAN FORM HERE

8. SMALL INTESTINE NUTRIENT ABSORPTION OF DIGESTIVE END PRODUCTS (MONOMERS) INTO THE BLOOD THROUGH STRUCTURES CALLED VILLI BASIC ENVIRONMENT pH NEAR 8 HORMONE PRODUCED IS SECRETIN (WHICH STIMULATES THE PANCREAS TO SECRETE PANCREATIC JUICE)

9. LARGE INTESTINE WATER ABSORPTION WASTE FOR EGESTION (REMOVAL)

DIGESTION TEST FORMAT 28 MULTIPLE CHOICE (WITH 7 DIGESTION DIAGRAMS) 4 ORGAN IDENTIFICATION 4 SHORT ANSWER (1 PT. EACH) 3 BONUS SHORT ANSWER (1 PT. EACH) TOTAL VALUE36 POINTS WHAT TO STUDY NOTES (INCLUDING HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ORGAN OUTLINE) EARTHWORM/BIRD HANDOUT DIGESTION DIAGRAM HANDOUTS (CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS) BODY DIAGRAM HANDOUT HW QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS